Waste Management Reseach Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Squander Management Reseach - Research Paper Example Testing is worried about choosing an area of the populace (test) to complete research, so as to discover certain trait of a populace. The target of doing the examining activity will be to decide whether there is any association between working road sweepers and constriction of ceaseless infections. Arbitrary examining technique will be utilized. The example populace will comprise of one hundred road sweeper administrators and a similar number of city staff who work in the workplace. Classification of the witnesses will be foremost and nobody will be required to give their names or some other individual data. They should give their assent before the examination starts. The polls will be managed to the two gatherings independently, along with center gathering conversations. This technique will be utilized on the grounds that it is modest and not tedious. A lot of inquiries will be directed to the intended interest group. The kind of inquiries will incorporate the quantity of years that they have been doing the road sweeper administrator work, their clinical history and other socio-segment factors. The two gatherings of respondents will be required to fill in the surveys. The clinical history will take a gander at respiratory sicknesses, for example, bronchitis and asthma. Final products will be introduced as diagrams for examination. On the off chance that from the clinical history, the road administrators are demonstrated to have gained new diseases, at that point, more investigations should be directed into the issue. The workplace of the road sweepers will along these lines, be a danger, requiring to be controlled or dispensed with (Ericson, 2005). 2) What is the pel of the substances that you may recognize? Passable introduction limits are authorized to shield laborers from the negative impacts of being presented to substances that are a risk to their wellbeing. They are separated into two as indicated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency; PM 10, fundamentally are particulates with a measurement of under ten microns in width. The other is PM 2.5, which are particulates with a breadth of under 2.5 microns. Particulates with a distance across of less width are breathed in and effortlessly assimilated into the cells of the body and therefore to the circulation system. Steady introduction to the particles will prompt withdrawal of respiratory ailments. The waste evacuated by the road clears is primarily made out of sulfates and nitrates from wearing out of streets and elastic structure vehicle tires and gas ignition. Residue is additionally a significant segment, made predominantly out of silica and metal. The accompanying allowable presentation limits are built up by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Sand has a reasonable presentation cutoff of is 0.1mg/m3 , whose overexposure can prompt aspiratory maladies, for example, silicosis. The pel of residue, then again is 15mg/m3 ,can likewise harm the resp iratory framework. 3) What are your proposals? Word related wellbeing and security ought to be accessible to the administrators, which ought to among others incorporate customary clinical assessment. Through these procedures, diseases will have the option to be identified before on and rewarded. Other word related wellbeing steps to decrease diseases in the work spot will incorporate arrangement of defensive apparatuses, for example, covers (Sullivan, 2010); through such a procedure, contaminations will

French Expressions Using Sans

French Expressions Using Sans The French relational word sans implies without and is likewise utilized in numerous articulations. Figure out how to state destitute, something else, shoeless, and more with this rundown of articulations with sans.sans abrihomelesssans argentpennilesssans attendreright awaysans aucun doutewithout a doubtsans blagueseriously, all joking asidesans broncherwithout flinchingsans butaimlesssans à §a (informal)otherwisesans cesseconstantly, persistently, incessantlysans-coeurheartlesssans chaussuresbarefootsans culottes~without extravagant clothing (reference to aggressor republicans in the French Revolution)sans home fixehomelesssans doutedoubtless, no doubtsans efforteasily, effortlesslysans fautewithout failsans-gã ªneinconsideratesans malwithout any difficultysans mã ªme thing or infinitivewithout even thing or - ingsans mã ¨remotherlesssans nul doutewithout a doubtsans oublierlast yet not leastsans pã ¨refatherlesssans plusthats it, close to thatsans in addition to attendrewitho ut further delaysans prã ©jugã ©sunbiasedsans que subjunctiveâ â â for model, sans quil le sachewithout ____ingâ â â without him knowingsans quoi (informal)otherwisesans le savoirunknowingly, unwittinglysans soincarelesssans soucicarefreesans le vin (menu)not including winesans se le faire critical deux foiswithout being told twiceles sans abrithe homelessles sans residence fixethe homelessun/e sans-emploiunemployed personle sans-faã §oncasualness, offhandednessle sans-fautefaultless execution, something impeccableun sans-filcordless phoneun/e sans-gradeenlisted man/lady; subordinate, peon, little fryles sans-le-southe the less wealthy, pennilessles sans-logisthe homelessun/e sans-papiersillegal immigrantun/e sans-parti (politics)independentun/e sans-patrieperson without nationalityun/e sans-soin (archaic)careless personun/e sans-souci (archaic)carefree, cheerful personun/e sans-travailunemployed personles sans-voixpeople with no voiceboire sans soifto drink without being t hirstyã ªtre sans argentto be pennilessjamais deux sans troiseverything occurs in threesJy crois sans y croire. I trust it and I dont.non sansnot withoutLesson: French relational word sans

The Best TOEFL Books of 2019

The Best TOEFL Books of 2019 It has been a long time since I wrote about the best TOEFL textbooks on the market. Thats because I generally dislike most of what is available. Generally speaking, TOEFL textbooks are inaccurate and unhelpful. However, this used to be the most popular section of my blog, so I guess it is about time to write something about the topic. Here goes.Update from 2020: Ive published a new list. Ignore this one and check out the new one instead!For an Introduction to the TOEFLThe Official Guide to the TOEFLThe best general overview of the TOEFL is still The Official Guide to the TOEFL Test. This book comes from ETS, who creates the TOEFL week after week. This basic textbook provides the most accurate description of the questions you will get on the test. It also comes with four practice tests that can be accessed via DVD. However, it must be said that the book is sometimes inaccurate, especially when it comes to the writing section of the test. If you buy this book, make sure to read my arti cle about all of the mistakes it contains.The link above is to the 5th edition. You can save money by getting the 4th edition, but I dont recommend it. It contains one less test, uses only a CD-ROM and the descriptions of questions are slightly out of date.Books For Practice TOEFL TestsThe Official Test CollectionThe best source of practice tests is The Official iBT Tests Collection Volume 2. This book contains five actual TOEFL tests from the past, delivered on DVD. These are the most accurate practice tests you will find anywhere, though they are pretty old. You can save money by getting the CD-ROM version, which contains the same tests.The second best source of practice tests is The Official iBT Tests Collection Volume 1. Same as above, but these are even older.TST PrepIf you are looking for a third-party source of practice tests, check out TST Preps collection of 10 practice tests. This is the only third-party I ever recommend to students when it comes to practice tests. You mig ht get a 10% discount if you use the coupon code goodine10off.Books For The TOEFL Writing SectionTOEFL ResourcesThere is not a single good book about the writing section. Instead of using a book I recommend just reading my free resources.TST PrepI also recommend the writing course offered by TST Prep. It uses a series of video lectures to go into more detail than my own stuff provides. Again, save money by using the coupon code goodine10off.Books for the TOEFL Reading SectionHouse of TOEFLFor the reading section, I recommend Kathy Spratts Mastering the Reading Section for the TOEFL iBT. The second edition of this ebook was published in 2019. It will walk you through how to solve each possible question type and explain the traps that ETS commonly uses when designed incorrect answers. It contains plenty of original practice readings and questions. Make sure you dont get the first edition, which still shows up via some Amazon searches.Books for Grammar PracticeEnglish Grammar in UseFor grammar practice, I always recommend Raymond Murphys English Grammar in Use. It contains clear explanations of grammar points and plenty of practice exercises. If you are working with a teacher, they should be able to quickly tell you what chapters you, specifically, need to focus on. It was updated to a 5th edition in late 2018, but you can save money by getting the 4th edition, which is just as good.When students need more practice exercises, I usually recommend the supplementary activities textbook that accompanies the main volume (again, the old edition is cheaper).Practical English UsageIf you are a new TOEFL teacher, I strongly recommend picking up a copy of Michael Swans Practical English Usage. This weighty volume will help you answer all of those difficult questions about why you corrected your students work in such a way. It really help you get out of the habit of saying it just sounds more natural in response to student questions. If you are a student dont get this book for TOEFL prep. It might just be overkill.Books for TOEFL Vocabulary1800 TOEFL Essential VocabularyHonestly, I generally dont recommend vocabulary books. Basically, I feel that in the short and medium term learning words might be a waste of your time. You might spend hours and hours studying a book of words, but only encounter one or two of them on the test. Vocabulary acquisition takes a really long time, and you pretty much have to depend on what you already know when you take the test. That said, if you want a bunch of words, I recommend Darakwons 1800 TOEFL Essential Vocabulary. And hey the ebook version only costs two dollars, so it cant hurt to try.TOEFL Pocket VocabularyKaplan seems to publish a new bite-sized vocabulary book every few years. The current version appears to be TOEFL Pocket Vocabulary. I havent seen this edition, but it is probably just as good as the older ones. It has more words, at least.

Why Common Germans Took Part Of The Holocaust - 2222 Words

This investigation evaluates why common Germans took part in the Holocaust. In order to assess why common Germans took part in the Holocaust the investigation focuses on the participation and complacency of the German people during the Holocaust, specifically the extermination of the Jewish people, and the reasoning behind it. Different explanations for the German actions developed by a range of historians will be presented. The conventional reasons, like psychological and cultural, and the nonconventional reasons will be studied. There will be an in-depth look at the effect of Nazism and propaganda, human behavior, and anti-Semitism on the common Germans and the extent to which they led to the participation in the Holocaust. The scope will allow for analysis and conclusion to the most valid reason why common Germans took part in the Holocaust. B. Summary of Evidence The Holocaust took place during the late 1930s to the early 1940s, a time when many external and internal factors were affecting Germany and its people (Hill 1). Nevertheless Nazi leaders and common Germans killed almost two thirds of an estimated nine million Jewish people (Hill 2). One of the most puzzling questions about the Holocaust is why did common Germans take part? It is difficult to formulate an exact answer to the question because it deals with a whole nation, but many historians have hypothesized explanations related to the German’s unwilling and willing participation (Goldhagen 375). First ofShow MoreRelatedNazi s Persecution Of The Handicapped Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pages Nazi’s Persecution of the Handicapped Frank Cai History November 8th Holocaust is considered one of the worst man-caused disaster ever in the history of human life. Hundreds of millions of people died during the Holocaust. Even worse, the victim of the Holocaust is based on race. Why did Adolf Hitler pick on the Jews? Because when he wants to rise power, one of the most common ways is propaganda. He said that Jews are the ones that ruined their country. Many Jews were killed; they were alsoRead MoreEugenics And The Eugenics Movement1512 Words   |  7 PagesGalton and bloomed in America, and what effect it had on the attempt to create a master race in Nazi Germany. America played a very influential role in German eugenics by collaboration between scientists and funding from American corporations. The negative connotation associated with this science is usually directed towards the scientists of the Holocaust under Adolf Hitler, and not towards American scientists who also partook in horrific experiments and performed inhumane acts as well. This is ab surdRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Ottoman Empire Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"genocide† refers to the systematic killing of a group of people because of factors that may include race or religion. 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We shall never let the victims be forgotten, for if we do, we will forget that the perpetrator can be in all of us.† This poem expresses quite well the sensation that most individuals feel when they hear the word â€Å"Holocaust.† Although they may not haveRead MoreCauses of Genocide Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesmental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group† â€Å"with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.† But how can cr imes of this magnitude occur? Attempting to eradicate an entire group of people, successfullyRead MoreSummary Of Maus By Art Spiegelman Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesGuilt doesn’t play a minor role in the graphic novel, Maus by Art Spiegelman. It’s a profoundly important part of his family story. Countless Holocaust survivors experience â€Å"survivor’s guilt† at some point of their lives, some live with it for the rest of their existence. The Holocaust was such a tremendous part of somber history, that influenced lives of children whose parents survived it. Like many other children, Art was affected by his parents’ daunting past. There is a deep level of thoughtRead MoreA Comprehensive Analysis of the Rwandan Genocide to the Holocaust1453 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion Jews in what is know now as the Holocaust. The genocide started when the Treaty of Versailles caused Germany to pay massive monetary compensations to the other nations. As stat ed by Sean Sheehan in Why Did the Holocaust Happen? (2011), â€Å"Some anti-Semitics saw the harsh terms of the treaty as part of a Jewish conspiracy against the German people. Wealthy Jews in Germany were accused of investing their money in enemy countries instead of joining the German army† (p. 7). Jews were soon accusedRead MoreThe Common Theme Of Dehumanization In Night By Elie Wiesel1421 Words   |  6 PagesImagine, losing the part of you that makes you unique, or being treated like you were worth absolutely nothing. Think about losing all that you hold on to: your family, friends, everything that you had. Imagine, being treated like an animal, or barely receiving enough food to live. All of these situations and more is what the Jews went through during the Holocaust. During the period of 1944 - 1945, a man by the name of Elie Wiesel was one of the millions of Jews that were experiencing the wrath ofRead MoreNazi Ideology And The Nazi Party1436 Words   |  6 Pages War I, Germany was humiliated by the Versailles Treaty, which reduced its territory, drastically reduced its armed forces, demanded the recognition of its guilt for the war, and stipulated it pay reparations to the allied powers. Therefore with the German Empire destroyed, a new parliamentary government was formed. And so, in 1933, Adolf Hitler, was named chancellor of Germany. After the Nazi party won in the elections of 1932, the Nazi party conducted propaganda campaigns. Propaganda appeared to depictRead MoreThe Holocaust Is One Of The Most Puzzling And Unintelligible1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe Holocaust is one of the most puzzling and unintelligible events that has occurred within human history. Consequently, investigations and research done on the Holocaust tend to give inconclusive and ambiguous results that do not provide clear reasons why both perpetrators and victims acted the way they did. Almost all historians believe that the leaders of Nazi Germany ordered the massiv e uprooting and murder of 11 million people, however many question why most European citizens tolerated such

Finding Sharing Land With A Stranger - 1508 Words

The idea of sharing land with a stranger is never easy, especially if he or she came in unnoticed. The United States has been known â€Å"the melting pot†. Throughout history, people from different parts of the world come to the United States (from China, Europe, Japan, Korea, Philippines, etc.) either as tourists and or as immigrants. Based on what I have witnessed, those who come as refugees are looking for better opportunities. I have met people who come here at a really young age, or even born here, but their parents are not legal immigrants. Some of those people get a legal status, on a temporary basis, just until their children can be on their own. Although, some are not as lucky and they get deported. Parents who came here with young children and/or have children who were born here to get a permanent status because developing children can lose their native identity and they also can strengthen the United States economy. Losing native identity is natural in a developi ng child. My mom immigrated to the United States in February 2006, with a tourist visa (same goes for me and my sister). Since then, my sister and I was culturalized by the American culture. However, I still manage to speak my native language, my sister though has a different story. My sister came here just before she turned 8, which was still in a developing stage. She sometimes forgets how to speak Indonesian. compare to me, my sister adjusted better to the American culture than I did. She startedShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On Domestic And The Global Economy1254 Words   |  6 Pagesfor a customer to share their personal belongings, such as their homes, apartments, automobiles, tools, bicycles, driveways, clothes, accessories, and so on. This new-shared economy is a multibillion-dollar business and is growing unremarkably. The sharing concept has created markets out of things that would never have been considered to be moneymaking assets before. 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Management of financial resource and performance at Vodafone Free Essays

string(127) " stakeholder involvement are Voluntary involvement: Everyone involved should be committed to progress and full participation\." Introduction Being the largest mobile company of the world it is giving job opportunities to more than 65000 people.It is succeed to popularised its name as a new largest communication company of the world.Around 130 million people are being the costumers of this company. We will write a custom essay sample on Management of financial resource and performance at Vodafone or any similar topic only for you Order Now It does not see its business and service only but a best and effective communication too provide all over the world.It’s increasing its level of selling power to high status.Vodafone has made its aim to grow its revenue and improve its profit margin by adding value to its products and services i.e. earning more from each product sold and to be the leadingcompany in the communicationsmarket. Vodafone also has a commitment to Corporate Responsibility (CR). This is when a business tries to ensure its activities have a positive influence on the people and places where it works. Vodafone is planning to reduce the company’scarbonfootprint by encouraging therecycling and re-use of old phones. The ‘Vodafone live!’ service enables customers to use picture messaging and to download ring tones, colour games, images and information, through an icon-driven menu.This service will soon be further enhanced by picture messaging libraries, video clips and video telephony (seeing the person you’re calling) and improving download speeds. Another service is the Vodafone Mobile Connect Card, which enables customers to access their normal business applications on a laptop when out of the office. Such services add value to the product, and high profile effective promotion will help sell these services to existing and new customers. The head quarter of this company is in London.It operate more than 30 milllion subscribers by the year 2010and largest company is in United States also. As we go to the history of vodafone ,we find its progressive report since 1982,extending from Racal strategies Limited.The Racal got its name change as Racal telecommunication Group Limited in 1995 and in 1996 Racal Electronics bought out the minority shareholders of Vodafone for GB?110 million.The name Vodafone comes from voice data fone, chosen by the company to â€Å"reflect the provision of voice and data services over mobile phones†The name Vodafone comes from voice data fone chosen by the company to â€Å"reflect the provision of voice and data services over mobile phones.†(Anderson,T.J.,2006). Types of communication system and Its Importance One-way communication involves a company distributing information via brochures, letters, or with an exchange of information and ideas among stakeholders and the company. Information is usually exchanged. The next type of communication is stakeholder engagement or stakeholder dialogue. The intent of stakeholder engagement is learning stakeholdersi issues and concerns. If well designed, dialogue leads to knowledge being gained by both the company and stakeholders. The company commits itself to considering stakeholder input in making its decisions with an exchange of information and ideas among stakeholders and the company. Information is usually exchanged The next type of communication is stakeholder engagement or stakeholder dialogue.The intent of stakeholder engagement is learning stakeholders issues and concerns. If well designed, dialogue leads to knowledge being gained by both the company and stakeholders.The company commits itself to considering stakeholder input in making its decisions. Vodafone operates a global Performance Dialogue process for every employee. The process ensures that employees can make a clear connection between their goals and the business objectives. Each individual’s performance is discussed with their manager and career development goals are set. 93% of managers completed the Performance Dialogue process in the 2007 calendar year and 83% of employees approved development goals with their manager. Finally, with participatory/interactive decision making, a company collaborates with stakeholders in making decisions. Shared decision making is not appropriate in all situations, but can be effective in helping a company design a plan that, when implemented, will be acceptable to its stakeholders. communication and stakeholderTo be a good corporate citizen, your company should be communicating with and involving its stakeholders to determine their issues concerning a particular facility. There are costs associated with conducting these activities; however, costs to the company can be even greater if stakeholders take action against the company (e.g., hurting the company’s image through a media campaign, holding up permits, suing the company). Being aware of issues and concerns and working to resolve them early before they turn into negative action is time and money well spent. On a positive note, ideas and suggestions from stakeholders can often be insightful and useful in improving a facilities planning and operation. In this light, stakeholders can be seen as consultants to a company. The basic principles of stakeholder involvement are Voluntary involvement: Everyone involved should be committed to progress and full participation. Openness, honesty, trust: Open and honest communication is a requirement for mutual trust. Inclusiveness: Strive to include all interested parties in some form of dialogue. Common information base: Participants should have access to the same information. Mutual learning: All parties, including host and stakeholders, should come to the discussion with a willingness to learn. Creative options: Have a diverse set of stakeholders as a catalyst for creative thinking. Collaboration in decision making: Build ownership to increase the likelihood of implementation, and future collaboration. Coordination of stakeholder feedback: Communicate how you will use stakeholder feedback. Even if consensus is not possible, it is important that stakeholders feel their concerns are heard. Communication and stakeholder involvement should be a continuous activity conducted at a facility level and then augmented during periods of change or crisis when major decisions are being considered. This guidebook describes the overall process, which can be tailored to fit the circumstances at your site n resources, history of community interaction, the role of the facility in the community, and decisions being contemplated.†This is a new venture for many if not most cement companies so don’t be discouraged if your communications plan is basic and lacks the involvement of stakeholders†(Barne J,1991).Theenvironmentalandsocialperformanceofcompaniesisincreasinglyunderscrutinyfrominternalstakeholders (e.g. employeesandstockholders) andexternalstakeholders (e.g. localcommunities, activists, regulators). Greaterscientific, economicandsocialknowledgeisfuelingstakehold ers demandsforincreasedinformation, clarity, andinvolvementinbusinessoutcomes. Role of stakeholder The basic principles of stakeholder involvement are Voluntary involvement: Everyone involved should be committed to progress and full participation. Openness, honesty, trust: Open and honest communication is a requirement for mutual trust. Inclusiveness: Strive to include all interested parties in some form of dialogue. Common information base: Participants should have access to the same information. Mutual learning: All parties, including host and stakeholders, should come to the discussionwith a willingness to learn. Creative options: Have a diverse set of stakeholders as a catalyst for creative thinking. Collaboration in decision making: Build ownership to increase the likelihood of implementation, and future collaboration. Coordination of stakeholder feedback: Communicate how you will use stakeholder feedback. Financial Analysis If we talk aabout financial seector of the company we get that It had amarketcapitalisation of approximately ?93 billion as of 9 March 2011 and it is making itself as the fourth largest company on the London Stock Exchange.Vodafone Group plc is providing its products in Europe, Africa, the Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and the United States. The company offers various handsets; voice and messaging services; data services comprising Internet, email, music, games, and television; and fixed services, including fixed voice and fixed broadband solutions. It also offers value added services, such as Vodafone Email Plus and Windows Mobile. It also offers value added services, such as Vodafone Email Plus and Windows Mobile Email, which provide enterprise customers with real time handheld access to email, calendar, and address book; Vodafone PC Backup and Restore that enable users to remotely store data automatically through their Internet connection.Training and development Consolidated statement of financial position 2010 ?m 2009 ?m Non-current assets Intangible assets74,258 74,938 Property, plant and equipment20,642 19,250 Investments in associates36,377 34,715 Other non-current assets11,489 10,767 142,766 139,670 Current assets14,219 13,029 Total assets156,985 152,699 Total equity shareholders’ funds90,381 86,162 Total non-controlling interests429 (1,385) Total equity90,810 84,777 Liabilities Borrowings Long-term28,632 31,749 Short-term11,163 9,624 Taxation liabilities Deferred tax liabilities7,377 6,642 Current taxation liabilities2,874 4,552 Other non-current liabilities1,550 1,584 Other current liabilities14,579 13,771 Total liabilities66,175 67,922 Total equity and liabilities156,985 152,699 Information Systems Vodafone Information Systems depends on service level agreements (SLAs).according to this system it provides srvice through central reporting system.and brings the different datas from differrent sources.and rpovides them all the time to the employees and costumers.For a long time, Vodafone Information Systems used a combination of two applications for reporting purposes, both of which ran on an IBM mainframe. Training and development Using SAS, Vodafone Information Systems’ employees are now able to bring together data from a wide range of sources with a few mouse clicks and to create sophisticated reports in a very short period of time. At the heart of the new system is SAS, which allows IT system managers to have a single point of control over all the IT processes. Measurement data from sources. The system also offers completely new ways of presenting the information. Employees and customers can access the reports via the company intranet or the Internet using a Web browser anywhere and at any time. As the SAS solution has been integrated into the V.E.C.T.O.R. reporting system developed by Vodafone Information Systems, the company can guarantee that employees and customers can only display the information that is relevant to their needs. Customers themselves are able to choose the level of detail in the reports and therefore receive only the necessary information that they need to be able to complete the ir tasks. The simple archiving process means that developments can be tracked over a longer period without any additional work being involved. IT service providers like Vodafone Information Systems depend on service level agreements (SLAs) as a measure of their success. In order to ensure that the agreed service level is provided at all times, the service provider needs a central reporting system, which brings together measurement data from a wide range of sources. The increasing heterogeneity of the IT environment – which includes a host, UNIX and Windows operating systems – makes central access to the relevant data essential. For a long time, Vodafone Information Systems used a combination of two applications for reporting purposes, both of which ran on an IBM mainframe. In spite of the capabilities of these applications, they weren’t scalable and were no longer able to keep pace with the most recent requirements.. Strategies Vodafone’s Partner Network strategy represents an increasingly significant development in the delivery of Vodafone’s mobile services and Og fjarskipti will be an ideal partner for the further development of mobile services. Vodafone is already established in many regions through its operator like Vodafone Sweden, as well as Partner Network Agreements with TDC in Denmark and Radiolinja in Finland, and this new agreement will increase one after another.Vodafone will continue to develop the Partner Network strategy, so the customers and partnerscustomers can use Vodafone services in an increasing number of countries†.Following today’s announcement, Vodafone global services, supported by its global brand communication, will be available in eight Partner Network countries: Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Kuwait and Slovenia, in addition to its subsidiary and associate markets.In course of making strategies it has forwarded the following po ints. A regionally focused Group: Europe, Africa and India Mobile data: accelerate exploitation of mobile data growth opportunity Enterprise: selective expansion in growth segments Emerging markets: drive penetration and data across attractive footprint Total Communications in Europe: continued capital efficient approach New services: growth opportunities including machine-to-machine and financial services Exploit scale to enhance efficiency and deliver cost benefits Generate free cash flow or liquidity from non-controlled assets building on the China Mobile and SoftBank disposals Rigorous application of capital discipline to enhance shareholder returns Market Strategies Product A product with many different features provides customers with opportunities to chat, play games, send and receive pictures, change ring tones, receive information about travel and sporting events, obtain billing information – and soon view video clips and send video messages. †¢ Vodafone live! provides on-the-move information services. †¢ Vodafone UK operates over 300 of its own stores. †¢ It also sells through independent retailers e.g. Carphone Warehouse. †¢ Customers are able to see and handle products they are considering buying. †¢ People are on hand to ensure customers’ needs are matched with the right product and to explain the different options available. Price †¢ Vodafone wants to make its services accessible to as many people as possible from the young, through apprentices and high powered business executives, to the more mature users. †¢ It offers various pricing structures to suit different customer groups. †¢ Monthly price plans are available as well as prepay options. Phone users can top up their phone on line. †¢ Vodafone UK gives NECTAR reward points for every ?1 spent on calls, text messages, picture messages and ring tones. Advertisement and offers †¢ Advertising on TV, on billboards, in magazines and in other media outlets reaches large audiences and spreads the brand image and the message very effectively. This is known as above the line promotion. †¢ Stores have special offers, promotions and point of sale posters to attract those inside the stores to buy. †¢ Vodafone’s stores, its products and its staff all project the brand image. †¢ Vodafone actively develops good public relations by sending press releases to national newspapers and magazines to explain new products and ideas. There is good balance, 70/30 consumer/enterprise, and good balance, more or less 70/30 mature/emerging.the new strategy is composed of five elements. The first one is clear focus of the companyis in three areas – Europe, Africa and India.The second will be growth; coming from data in different ways. The vodefone Groupl talks a lot about mobile data, and what internally it call ‘Supermobile’, but also enterprise and also some regional differences between Europe and emerging markets, and some investment in new services, which, in the future, will be appealing to the customers. Continuing to leverage on our scale advantage, it can really create a difference for our customers in terms of lower costs. It will deal with the assets below the line in an approach to generate liquidity or cash flow from all of our non-controlled assets, in terms of portfolio strategy. Then it continuing to apply capital discipline, financial objectives and commercial tests to all investm ents it makes, internal and external. Financial risk management The Group’s treasury function provides a centralised service to the Group for funding, foreign exchange, interest rate management and counterparty risk management.Treasury operations are conducted within a framework of policies and guidelines authorised and reviewed by the Board, most recently on 1 February 2011(Mc,Hee). A treasury risk committee comprising of the Group’s Chief Financial Officer, Group General Counsel and Company Secretary, Corporate Finance Director and Director of Financial Reporting meets at least annually to review treasury activities and its members receive management information relating to treasury activities on a quarterly basis. The Group accounting function, which does not report to the Group Corporate Finance Director, provides regular update reports of treasury activity to the Board. .Risk management purposes only that are transacted by specialist treasury personnel. The Group mitigates banking sector credit risk by the use of collateral sup port agreements. Financial risk management:Under the Group’s interest rate management policy, interest rates on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in euros, US dollars and sterling.are maintained on a floating rate basis except for periods up to six years where interest rate fixing has to be undertaken in accordance with treasury policy where assets and liabilities are denominated in other currencies interest ratesmay also be fixed. In addition, fixing is undertaken for longer periods when interest rates are statistically low. Foreign exchange management As Vodafone’s primary listing is on the London Stock Exchange.Its share price is quoted in sterling. Since the sterling share price represents the value of its future multi-currency cash flows, principally in euro, US dollars and sterling, the Group maintains the currency of debt and interest charges in proportion to its expected future principal multi-currency cash flows and has a policy to hedge external foreign exchange risks on transactions denominated in other currencies above certain de minimis levels. As the Group’s future cash flows are increasingly likely to be derived from emerging markets it is likely that more debt in emerging market currencies will be drawn. As such, at 31 March 2011 130% of net debt was denominated in currencies other than sterling (55% euro, 47% US dollar and 28% other) while 30% of net debt had been purchased forward in sterling in anticipation of sterling denominated shareholder returns via dividends and share buybacks. This allows eur o, US dollar and other debt to be serviced in proportion to expected future cash flows and therefore provides a partial hedge against income statement translation exposure, as interest costs will be denominated in foreign currencies. Yen debt is used as a hedge against the value of yen assets as the Group has minimal yen cash flows Liquidity risk Management At 31 March 2011 the Group had ˆ4.2 billion and US$4.2 billion syndicated committed indrawn bank facilities and US$15 billion and ?5 billion commercial paper programmes, supported by the ˆ4.2 billion and US$4.2 billion syndicated committed bank facilities, available to manage its liquidity. The Group uses commercial paper and bank facilities to manage short-term liquidity and manages long-term liquidity by raising funds in the capital markets. ˆ4.2 billion of the syndicated committed facility has a maturity date of 1 July 2015 and US$4.2 billion has a maturity of 9 March 2016 which may be extended by a further year if agreed by those banks who have participated in the facility. Both facilities have remained indrawn throughout the financial year and since year end and provide liquidity support. The Group manages liquidity risk on long-term borrowings by maintaining a varied maturity profile with a cap on the level of debt maturing in any one calendar year, therefore minim ising refinancing risk. Long-term borrowings mature between one and 26 years.Liquidity is reviewed daily on at least a 12 month rolling basis and stress tested on the assumption that all commercial paper outstanding matures and is not reissued. The Group maintains substantial cash and cash equivalents which at 31 March 2011 amounted to ?6,252 million (2010). Vodafone also produces proportionate customer number figures on a similar basis, e.g. if an operator in which it has a 30% stake has 10 million customers that equals 3 million proportionate Vodafone customers. This is a common practice in the mobile telecommunications industry. Year ended 31 MarchTurnover ?mProfit before tax ?mProfit for the year ?mBasiceps (pence)Proportionate customers (m) 201044,4728,6748,61816.44341.1 200941,0174,1893,0805.81302.6 200835,4789,0016,75612.56260 200731,104(2,383)(5,297)(8.94)206.4 2006*29,350(14,835)(21,821)(35.01)170.6 200534,0737,9516,5189.68154.8 200436,4929,0136,1128.70133.4 Conclusion Valuation plays a key role in many areas of finance – in corporate finance, in mergers and acquisitions and in portfolio management. The value of the company can be directly related to decisions that it makes – on which projects it takes, on how it finances them, and on its dividend policy. Understanding this relationship is the key to making value?increasing decisions and to sensible financial restructuring. In the focus of this thesis was the value of Vodafone Group, who is operating the biggest mobile network worldwide with presence in both emerging and mature markets. Drawing from the analyses of Vodafone and its environment, the major influencing risks, that are the most critical in terms of the future profitability and hence the value of the company, were found as following: 3G market take?up, fixed mobile line substitution and level of regulations. The equity value of Vodafone was calculated using the discounted cash flow scenario method (?87,954mln) (Domadaran,2008). Provided that the assumptions on which the forecasts were based and the probability distribution are correct, the Vodafone is currently under priced by almost 11%.The following actions could constitute the strategy that will maintain strong performance and deliver value to both customers and shareholders of Vodafone Group: cost reduction and revenue stimulation in mature markets, development of new products and services, extension to new emerging markets and selling unprofitable businesses. As a concluding remark, one has to keep in mind that although the discounted cash flow framework, along with other valuation models, is a quantitative tool, but the inputs leave plenty of space for subjective judgements. A mixture of financial theory, accounting methodology, industry knowledge and sound assumption was used to evaluate the equity of the company. As the underling assumptions change, the estimated value of the firm may change as well. References Andersen, T. J. (2006). â€Å" Global Derivatives A Strategic Risk Management Perspective†, Pearson Education, Harlow, England. Andersen, J. (2006). â€Å"Perspectives on Strategic Risk Management†, Copenhagen Business School Press N.P. Barney, J. (1991). â€Å"Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage†, (In Journal of Management, 1991, vol. 17, no. 1, pg. 99?120). Damodaran, A. (2002). â€Å" Investment valuation: Tools and Techniques forDetermining the Value of Any Asset†, John Wiley Sons, New York. Damodaran, A. (2008). â€Å" Strategic Risk Taking†, Wharton School Publishing,New Jersey. Johnson, G., Scholes, K., Whittington, R. (2005). â€Å" The Environment In Exploring Corporate Strategy†, Earson Education, pp. 64?87). McGee, J., Thomas, H., and Wilson, D. (2005). â€Å"Strategy Analysis Practice†, McGraw?Hill Maidenhead, UK Miller, K. D. (1992).†A framework for integrated risk management in international business†,( In: Journal of International Business Studies.vol. 23, no. 2, pg. 311?331) Wise, D. (1991). â€Å"Vodafone’s solo debut could boost share price†,The Guardian (Guardian Newspapers). Cane, A. (1996). â€Å"Companies and Finance: UK: Vodafone acquires Talkland in Pounds 60m deal†,Financial Times. p. 22. Reguly, E. (1996). â€Å"Vodafone pockets Peoples Phone†.The Times (Times Newspapers). â€Å"News Digest: Vodafone snaps up Astec†. Investors Chronicle: p. 55. How to cite Management of financial resource and performance at Vodafone, Essay examples

The Randle Report Essays - Ufologists, Alien Autopsy, Films

The Randle Report The Randle Report, by Kevin D. Randle explores UFO research in the1990's. In reading his book I have gained much knowledge of how to determine whether information submitted as proof of extraterrestrial existence is valid or bogus, and the truth (from a scientificstandpoint) about several famous unidentified phenomenoms. Much information is submitted to substantiate extraterrestrial existence. This information comes in many forms but the most common are: video, photography, and sworn testimony. Once this information is introduced UFO researchers have to test the authenticity of the information. In 1995 aman named Ray Santilli claimed to have authentic footage of the allegedRoswell alien autopsy. Although it was very interesting, it was most definitly a hoax. This conclusion came after the data from many tests (performed by unbiased scientists and experts in their respected fields) showed that many things in the film and the actual film did not correlateas they should have. In the film there were instruments that hadn't been invented yet and the film was unlike any from that time period. We as humans have always had a facination with visual displays. In 1987 Ed Walters produced several polaroid photographs, several of which were published in several national newspapers and magazines. Once again these photographs were very appealing to the American public but were proved to be not generic either. Mr. Walters was not only unable to recreate his photographs but after he moved from the residence where he claimed to have taken the photographs at the next tennant to reside in that home found a model of a flying saucer that seems to be the same one that appeared in his photographs. Book Reports