Organic Compounds - Names and Formulas Starting with C

This is a list of organic compound names and formulas with names starting with the letter C. C60 fullerene - C60Cacodylic acid - C2H7AsO2Cacotheline - C21H21N3O7Cadaverine — C5H14N2Cadinene - C15H24Cafestol - C20H28O3Caffeine - C8H10N4O2Calcein - C30H26N2O13Calciferol (Vitamin D)CalcitoninCalmodulinCalreticulinCamphene - C10H16Camphor - C10H16OCannabinol - C21H26O2Caproic Acid - C6H12O2Caprolactam - C6H11NOCaprolactone - C6H10O2Caprylic acid - C8H16O2Capsaicin - C18H27NO3Captan - C9H8Cl3NO2SCaptopril - C9H15NO3SCarbamide (Urea) - CH4N2OCarbazole - C12H9NCarbazol-9-yl-methanol (N-(Hydroxymethyl)carbazole) - C13H11NOCarbinol - CH4OCarbofuran - C12H15NO3CarbohydratesCarbolic acid (Phenol) - C6H6OCarbonate ester functional groupCarbon dioxide - CO2Carbon nanotubeCarbon tetrachloride - CCl4Carbonyl chloride - CCl2OCarbonyl fluoride - COF2Carbonyl functional groupCarboplatin - C6H14N2O4PtCarboxamide functional groupCarboxyl functional groupcarboxylate functional groupcarboxylic acid functional groupCarboxypolymethylene - C3H4O2Carminic acid - C22H20O13Carnitine - C7H15NO3Ca rotene - C40H56Cartap - C7H16ClN3O2S2Carvacrol - C10H14OCarvone - C10H14OCastor oil - C6H6O2Catechol - C6H6O2Cedrane - C15H26Cedrol - C15H26OCefazolin - C14H14N8O4S3Cefotaxime - C16H17N5O7S2Ceftriaxone - C18H18N8O7S3Cellulose - (C6H10O5)xCellulose acetateCellulose nitrate - C6H7(NO2)3O5Cephalotaxine - C18H21NO4Cetane (Hexadecane) - C16H34Cetrimonium bromide - C19H42BrNCetirizine - C21H25ClN2O3Cetyl alcohol - C16H34OCevane - C27H45NChelidonine - C20H19NO5Chloracetyl chloride - C2H2Cl2OChloral - C2HCl3OChloral hydrate - C2H2Cl3O2Chlorambucil - C14H19Cl2NO2Chloramine-T - C7H7ClNO2SÂ ·Na(3H2O)Chloramphenicol - C11H12Cl2N2O5Chloranilic acid - C6H2Cl2O4Chlordane - C10H6Cl8Chlorhexidine - C22H30Cl2N10Chloroacetic acid - C2H3ClO24-Chloroaniline (p-Chloroaniline) - C6H6ClNChlorobenzene - C6H5Cl2-Chlorobenzoic acid (o-Chlorobenzoic acid) - C7H5ClO2Chlorodifluoromethane - CHClF2Chlorodimethylethane (tert-butyl chloride) - (CH3)3CClChloroethane - C2H5ClChloroethene (Vinyl chloride) - C2H3Cl2-c hloroethenyldichloroarsine (Lewisite) - C2H2AsCl3Chlorofluoromethane - Freon 31 - CH2ClFChloroform - CHCl3Chloroformonitrile - CNClChloro-m-cresol - C7H7ClOChloromethane - CH3ClChloronitroaniline - C6H5ClN2O2Chloropentafluoroethane - C2ClF5Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) - C7H5ClO3Chlorophyll a - C55H72O5N4MgChlorophyll b - C55H70O6N4MgChlorophyll c1 - C35H30O5N4MgChlorophyll c2 - C35H28O5N4MgChlorophyll d - C54H70O6N4MgChloropicrin - CCl3NO2Chloroprene - C4H5ClChloroquine - C18H26ClN3Chlorostyrene - C8H7ClChlorothiazide - C7H6ClN3O4S2Chlorotrifluoromethane - CClF3Chlorotrimethylsilane - C3H9SiClChloroxuron - C15H15ClN2O2Chloroxylenol - C8H9ClOChlorpyrifos - C9H11Cl3NO3PSChlorthiamide - C7H5Cl2NSCholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) - C27H44OCholesterol - C27H46OCholine - C5H14NOChromotropic acid - C10H8O8S2Cilostazol - C20H27N5O2Cinchocaine - C20H29N3O2Cinchonan - C19H22N2Cinchonine - C19H22N2OCinnamaldehyde - C9H8OCinnamic acid - C9H8O2Cinnamyl alcohol - C9H10OCinnoline - C4H4N2Citral - C 10H16OCitric acid - C6H8O7Citronellal - C10H18OCitrulline - C6H13N3O3Clobetasone - C22H26ClFO4Clopidol - C7H7Cl2NOCloxacillin - C19H18ClN3O5SCobalamin (Vitamin B12) - C63H88CoN14O14PCocaine - C17H21NO4Cocamidopropyl (CAPB) - C19H38N2O3Colchicine - C22H25NO6Congo red - C32H22N6Na2O6S2Coniine - C8H17NCoomassie blue - C47H50N3O7S2Coronene - C24H12Cortisol - C21H30O5Cortisone - C21H28O5Coumarin - C9H6O2Corynan - C19H26N2Corynoxan - C19H28N2CPPO (Bis(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl-6-carbopentoxyphenyl)oxalate) - C26H24Cl6O8Creatine - C4H9N3O2Cresol - C7H8OCresyl violet - C19H18ClN3OCrinan - C16H19NO2Crotonaldehyde - C4H6O18-Crown-6 - C12H24O6Crystal violet - C24H28N3ClCubane - C8H8Cumene - C9H12Cupferron - C6H9N3O2Curan - C19H26N2Cuscohygrine - C13H24N2OCyanate functional groupCyanic chloride - CNClCyanogen - C2N2Cyanogen chloride - CNClCyanoguanidine - C2H4N4Cyanuric acid - C3H3N3O3cyanuric chloride - C3Cl3N3Cyclobutane - C4H8Cyclodecane - C10H20ÃŽ ±-Cyclodextrin - C36H60O30ÃŽ ²-Cyclodextrin - C 42H70O35ÃŽ ³-Cyclodextrin - C48H80O39ÃŽ ²-Cyclodextrin - C42H70O35Cyclododecane - C12H24Cycloheptatriene - C7H81,3-Cyclohexadiene - C6H81,4-Cyclohexadiene - C6H8Cyclohexane - C6H12Cyclohexanol - C6H12OCyclohexanone - C6H10OCyclohexanone diethyl ketal - C10H20O2Cyclohexene - C6H10Cyclonite - C3H6N6O6Cyclooctatetraene - C8H8Cyclopentadiene - C5H6Cyclopentane - C5H10Cyclopentanol - C5H10OCyclopentanone - C5H8OCyclopentene - C5H8Cyclopropane - C3H6cyclosarin - C7H14FO2Pcyclosarin (ball and stick model) - C7H14FO2PCypermethrin - C22H19Cl2NO3Cysteamine - C2H7NSCysteine - C3H7NO2SCytidine - C9H13N3O5Cystine - C6H12N2O4S2Cytosine - C4H5N3O

Teens, Drug, and Alcohol Use Essay - 593 Words

Teens, Drug, and Alcohol Use There is no simple answer to why a teen might begin using drugs or alcohol. Many times, it is a combination of several things. They may turn to drugs to escape stress or loneliness or to overcome shyness in social situations. They may want to be seen as grown up, or they may simply be curious. Teens often want to be like their role models as well; so, if their favorite music group or a cool friend at school uses drugs or alcohol, they may also use drugs or alcohol to be like them. (Teen Health) Adolescence is often a time of low self-esteem, which can develop as a result of not being able to grow and change as quickly as desired. A young person with low self-esteem may feel they are not as smart,†¦show more content†¦Among 10th graders, Ecstasy use rose from 4.4 percent to 5.4 percent; and among 12th graders, from 5.6 percent to 8.2 percent. (2/3 Teens try drugs) A survey released in 2002 from the Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University indicates that 95 percent of teens that smoke cigarettes start at or before age 15. Ninety three percent of teens that drink alcohol start at or before the age 15. In addition, 86 percent of teens that smoke marijuana start at age 15. (CASA) If a parent suspects that their teen is using they may feel the need to catch them. So, they search their room, or control their activities and friends. Which are normal feelings, after all parents want their kids to be safe. However, it might be more helpful to talk with them and let them know of the changes they have observed and what the cause is. (Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission) Preventing teen drug use is possible; parents and guardians need to learn the warning signs and dangers. They may ask themselves, how can I know if my teen is using? 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They may want to be seen as grown up or as a risk taker. Or, they may simply be curious. Teens often want to be like their role models as well. So, if their favorite music group, older sibling, parentsRead MoreMarijuana Should Not Go Without Suspicion913 Words   |  4 Pagesunlikely suspect of thousands of drug induced accidents and/or deaths in Australia today, especially among teens. At first thought, many may believe alcohol is the outright cause of such accidents, but at a closer look at the facts and figures one will discover that marijuana should not go without suspicion. The vast amounts of chemicals of which marijuana contains each have their own impacts unto the human body, not to mention the increas ing use of the drug among teens. It is here then obvious thatRead MoreDrug and Alcohol Abuse Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol abuse is a serious problem, driving while drunk or under the influence of drugs is an even bigger problem that shouldn’t be taken lightly. Abusing either one of these substances can lead to the death of you or the death of someone else or even cause a major change in their life like Jacqueline’s story, her whole life has been changed because of another person’s ignorance and carelessness. Therefore, you should know the facts about drug and alcohol abuse before you do something you may regretRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1170 Words   |  5 Pagesways alcohol has been a reason for death such as, alcohol poisoning or drunk driving. Americans death rate has increased in the past few years for alcohol poisoning in the adolescence stage. Just because the majority of teens consume alcohol underage does not mean the l egal drinking age should be lowered. Although the legal drinking age in the U.S. should stay at twenty-one years old due to small reasons such as, drinking under the influence or alcohol poisoning, the MLDA has helped teens withRead MoreEssay about Health Education Plan922 Words   |  4 Pagesawareness of the effects of drug and alcohol use amongst this vulnerable group. It will be held Sunday, April 22, 2012, from 3pm to 7pm at the Campo YMCA in Valrico Florida. Permission from all minors has been obtained from the parents, prior to this education forum. Pizza and soda will be served after presentation. Description of Educational Need Researchers proved a long time ago that teens that drink or use drugs before age 21, will more likely develop a serious alcohol or drug related issue. BecauseRead More why kids turn to drugs Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pages Why Kids Turn to Drugs There is no simple answer to why a young person might begin using alcohol or other drugs. Many times, it is a combination of several factors, including society, family and peers. They may turn to drugs to escape stress or loneliness or to overcome shyness in social situations. They may want to be seen as grown up or as a risk taker. Or, they may simply be curious. Teens often want to be like their role models as well. So, if their favorite music group, older sibling, parents

Swing Vote Free Essays

Introduction: A swing vote is a particular vote which may affect any candidate in an election. Such votes are usually sought after in elections, since they have such a large role in the outcome. † Swing Vote† is the actual name of the movie we chose to write about since it pertains to much of what we have discussed in class, such as how citizens have the right to vote. We will write a custom essay sample on Swing Vote or any similar topic only for you Order Now This movie also has the media itself come alive in mostly every chapter. How it also affects the Electoral College and the battle between conservatives and liberals, and of course presidential election nominees.Film Summary: Swing Vote is about a story of an election that takes place in New Mexico. The main character Bud Johnson who is played by Kevin Costner, is a middle aged deadbeat single father with no ambitious goals that faces one of the strangest dilemmas ever to occur in the United States. He alone is faced with the decision of the next president. He has the complete power to pick whichever candidate he likes best. He has a twelve year old daughter named Molly who practically runs his life and is completely gifted intellectually.She has high hopes for her country and is completely involved with its politics. It was because of her that her father was ever registered to vote. She insisted that he take part in the upcoming election and vote for the candidate he liked best. As voting day arrives he unintentionally missed his opportunity due to the fact that he was completely drunk. Molly then takes it upon herself to sneak into the polling place and votes for her father. However, due to the voting machines being unplugged, the ballot is registered, but there is no decision on which candidate was selected.The entire election comes down to this one county, one person because the popular vote was exactly tied for each candidate in New Mexico, leaving Bud to decide the next President of the United States of America. This film also includes both the Republican candidate and the Democratic candidate fighting it out to win over Bud Johnson’s vote. Bud gets wooed by both parties for best results in their favor. As the media gets involved, they misinterpret his opinions causing both candidates to switch on several positions. Throughout the story Bud begins to realize the power he has at is fingertips and how he completely changes for the best. Concept 1: Citizen’s Right to Vote In the Constitution of the United States, the fifteen amendment states that â€Å"the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition or servitude†. Bud, the main character of the movie has every right to vote. Even though his twelve year old daughter went to the voting polls and did it for him illegally, he still had every right.This movie helped broaden peoples perspectives about the government and how voting takes place. In the movie the main character Bud lived his life without a care for anything but his daughter. He was consistently hopping bar to bar getting drunk without a care, and yet he is still allowed to participate in one of the largest elections the United States has to offer. The movie portrayed voting more as a privilege and something that must be taken seriously because the person you are voting for is going to be around for the next four years.Concept 2: The Media Another large contributing fact towards the movie was the media itself. In the book â€Å"We the People† chapter ten is about the media and its effects on our society. It explains the various types of news coverage available for people in different situations. How the younger generations of people are now starting to use the internet as their main source of information, to where as an older generation will rely on the news coverage that is given to them on their newspaper. It also explains how different news stations may have certain agendas which might help increase a vote for a specific candidate and others which are vice versa. In the movie the media shined upon everything that was going on. The dilemma between one man choosing the fate of the election allowed for great news coverage. Once news spread about where the main character lived, it was all over the news. The main character could not even look out his window without having a reporter take a picture of him. Every movement he made was being watched from every corner, allowing for every news station to report hatever they assumed he was thinking about or doing. Certain news stations made him seem very incompetent while others used it more for ratings. Throughout the entire movie the media was relentlessly accusing the main character without hesitation. Concept 3: Electoral College According to the National Archives and Records Administration, the Electoral College is a process of the United States Constitution. It was established by the founding fathers as a compromise between election of the president by Congress and election by popular vote.It also states that each state is allocated a number of electors equal to the number of its United States Senators, which is always two, plus the number of its United States Representatives. In the movie, the case was by popular vote which is why it was up to one man to make the decision. Before his daughter had put in his vote it was an equal tie between both parties and his vote was the one that counted most. Since all other states had finished the voting only his state remained due to the fact of the polling machine being powered off during the exact timing of the voting process. As the Electoral College is by popular vote, both parties were wooing the main character for his vote which in the end would give victory to one candidate only. Concept 4: Conservatives and Liberals Political movies always have your conservatives and your liberals or better affiliated as the Republican Party or the Democratic Party. Conservatives believe in personal responsibility and very limited government, whereas liberals believe more in governmental control over people and to create an equal opportunity for all.Both parties work under the democracy of the United States but have very different views upon government interactions with citizens. Throughout the movie both candidates began with their views toward their campaigns. As the story progressed both the Republican Party and the Democratic Party were doing anything they could to win over Bud for his vote. They went as far as switching perspectives for certain situations where the democratic would be pro-life and anti-illegal i mmigration stands; whereas republicans take a pro-environmental and pro gay marriage stands. Both parties were doing the opposite of what they preached just to win the election. Concept 5: Presidential Nominees In the movie both candidates qualified to be the President of the United States because they met the eligibility guidelines set by the Constitution, which states â€Å"No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty five years, and been fourteen Years a resident within the United States. Both nominees in the movie were above the age of thirty five and both had been natural born citizens. They both had set up primaries and had campaigns going for them which supported the events which took place throughout the interviews. They were both running to become the President of the United States and doing whatever it takes to make it all the way. Concluding Remarks:I personally believe the movie was quite interesting. I understand that this may not happen very often, but if it did, imagine being that one person to be in charge. You alone get to decide who the next President of the United States will be. But then again, if you select someone who does a bad job it might just be your fault. That might be just a little too much pressure to handle. How to cite Swing Vote, Papers

Macroeconomics Short-Term Economic Impact

Question: Part 1 (Max 1000 words in total, this part counts for 2/3 of the grade) How is Brexit likely to affect the UK business cycle? Suggested approach (feel free to deviate) 1) Focus on the main drivers of cyclical fluctuations. How is Brexit likely to affect them and why? 2) How would these affect the relevant macroeconomic indicators? Are there feedback effects? 3) Discuss possible policy responses and how they could affect the cycle. Part 2 (Max 500 words in total, this part counts for 1/3 of the grade) (Please choose between Question 2a and Question 2b.) 2a Pick a sector in the UK economy and discuss the main opportunities and threats that macroeconomic changes to the business environment (due to Brexit) could create. Answer: Part 1 Effect of Brexit on UK business cycle The main drivers of business cycle fluctuations are interest rate, investment and multiplier effect of investment and consumption, inflation etc. When the output of the economy increases, there is a boom phase in business cycle. The equation of national income is presented as Y = C + I+ G + (X-M), where Y represents national income or GDP, I represents investment, G represents government spending and the last components is net export. When, the federal bank increases the interest rate, the cost of borrowing increases. This has direct impact on private investment. Business organisations reduce their investment spending. In the view of neoclassical economists the supply shocks are main determinants of business cycle fluctuations. The sources of supply shocks are technology, increase in productivity of labour or capital. These factors affect the business performance during a period. When there is technological up gradation or improvement in factor productivity, output in different secto rs of the economy increases (Thomas 2015). Inflow of capital affects the business cycle. Brexit is likely to affect UK business and other countries, which are related through business agreement. Before Brexit UK enjoyed advantage of single market in the European Union. After Brexit there would be a trade relationship between the UK and EU. The new tariff rate in UK and single market of EU are likely to be different. This can impact the business prospects of UK economy. There is a possibility of increase in trade deficit in UK economy as UK may lose the existing privilege of free trade agreement with EU. If EU increases the tariff rate for the import from UK, the export of UK becomes costly, which decreases the trade balance of UK. The trade deficit decreases cash flow in the economy. It may also reduce the volume of trade between UK and rest of the economy in the EU. Decrease in export in the EU may reduce output of the export sectors in UK, which negatively affects countrys GDP (Baker et al. 2016). Some market analysts expect that the value of pound is likely to fall due to Brexit. Therefore, depreciation of currency may hit the internal market in the form of rising inflation. Depreciation increases export and reduces import, as import gets costlier. Inflation increases the borrowing cost. Therefore, investment in real estate and business tends to fall. Private investment falls due to rise in interest rate. Decrease in investment reduces output and employment in the economy. Therefore, the economy is likely to enter into the recession stage (Moultonet et al. 2016). Figure 1: Changes in investment rate (Source: created by author) Increase in interest rate has other aspects. Rise in interest rate influence people to save more. Therefore, economy experiences a decrease in consumption. Decrease in consumption reduces aggregate demand. It also negatively affects the economy by reducing output. As the consumption decreases given the same level of investment, aggregate decreases below aggregate demand and thus there is accumulation of inventory in the economy. Hence, in the next period, national output is likely to fall. Chances are there to enter into recessionary stage increases. Figure 2: Impact on Real GDP (Source: created by author) Brexit may make the UK economy a less attractive location for investment. Firms of other country may intend to sell in EU markets, as it may give more facilities for business operation. Therefore, reduction in external investment may reduce capital inflow. This effect may also increase unemployment rate in the UK economy. IMF has warned that, Brexit is likely to have adverse impact on UK as the possibility of inflation in more. High inflation rate may decrease standard of living of UK people. There is lots of argument against Brexit. Presently Britain gets facility to sell goods in the European market easily. Moreover, the influx of migrant from different region of European countries increases supply of labour in the UK market. The immigrant workers contribute significantly in countrys growth (global-counsel.co.uk, 2016). Baker et al. (2016) argues that Brexit has positive impact Brexit is likely to affect the employment policy of UK, as UK can freely regulate the labour market without the influence of EU. Therefore, the government can regulate the productivity of labour through labour market reform. At present UK has to follow the EUs agency workers directive, which gives the temporary workers same working environment and right of equal pay as the permanent workers. The UK economy incurs annual cost of 490 million due to these regulations. Exit from European Union will give Britain the freedom of own policy formation in the labour and product market. However, unemployment in UK may rise after Brexit, which would reduce the pressure in the wage rate. In case of recessionary stage, the monetary policy is more effective than fiscal policy. According to Keynesian economics, in very short run, the federal bank has to boost up aggregate demand by raising money supply. Investment can be encouraged by reducing interest rate. The central bank can buy short term government bonds to increase money supply in the economy. Increase in investment increases output in several sectors in the economy. As a result, output, employment can rise in medium term. The recessionary effect is offset somewhat as the recessionary gap is reduced. The recessionary gap arises due to gap in actual GDP level and potential GDP. In recessionary period, the actual output falls below potential output. Possibility of increase in tax rate is there with decrease in government spending. However, this also has political impact (Thomas 2015). Part 2 Effect of Brexit on banking business in UK Currently UK is an important financial centre of Europe. In cross border bank lending, the UK have 17% share in international market. In hedge fund assets and wholesale financial services, UK have significant share. However, the Euro zone countries want the wholesale banking to be overseen by the ECB. After Brexit, this enforcement is more likely to happen. UK may suffer an opportunity cost as it cannot take part in liberalising initiatives of Capital market union after Brexit (Smales 2016). The actual outcome of Brexit on UK depends on treaty between UK and EU. Brexit may have mixed impact on UK financial sector. HSBC has decided recently to continue business in UK even after Brexit. However, chief executive of JP Morgan mentioned in Financial Times 2016, that this bank may reduce business in London after exit of Britain from EU. Reducing banking business in UK will have effect on employment. Unemployment in banking sector may rise after Brexit (Monaghan and Elliott 2016).) Passporting is an important pillar of EU financial system. The Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) allows the banks to carry business in member states without having license in each country. Any other bank belonging to country other than member of EU, cannot get the opportunity of passporting system. Presently mainly third country banks thus established business in London to use the EU market for financial services. After Brexit, this facility will depend on the negotiation between UK and EU. UK banks may then require new licenses to operate multiple EU jurisdictions under capital requirement directives (Moulton et al. 2016). Currently, the European banks, which trade derivatives, operate under the European Market Infrastructure Regulations (EMIR). The banks require following regulations regarding clearing, trade reporting and risk reporting in line with G20 group. These rules are not applicable for UK after Brexit. However, being a G20 member, UK may have to follow pr inciples of EMIR even after exit from EU. Brexit may increase the interest rate in the market raising the borrowing costs. Average cost of mortgage can increase up to 1000 annually. Therefore, investment in real estate sector may fall. As UK may face recession after Brexit, many economists have suggested that Bank of England should cut the interest rate to boost the economy. Reduction in interest rate would encourage domestic private investment. After Brexit, the UK banks may lose their rights to provide services based on passport. This will not have much effect on retail banking product as few customers obtain retail services in short or medium term. In case of consumer credit, Brexit may have positive effect (bbc.com, 2016). UK is likely to implement the Consumer Credit Directives, which imply that the lender has to comply with one regime for consumer loans up to 60260 and a different regime for consumer loan in excess of the amount and for business loan. References Baker, J., Carreras, O., Ebell, M., Hurst, I., Kirby, S., Meaning, J., Piggott, R. and Warren, J., 2016. The short-term economic impact of leaving the EU.National Institute Economic Review,236(1), pp.108-120. bbc.com (2016). How will Brexit affect your finances? - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-36537906 [Accessed 4 Aug. 2016]. global-counsel.co.uk (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.global-counsel.co.uk/sites/default/files/special-reports/downloads/Global%20Counsel_Impact_of_Brexit.pdf [Accessed 4 Aug. 2016]. Monaghan, A. and Elliott, L. (2016). British economy begins to show signs of post-Brexit slowdown. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jul/28/health-check-of-key-sectors-post-brexit-vote-counter-growth-figure [Accessed 4 Aug. 2016]. Moulton, R., Coiley, J., Perry, J., Aird, R., and Ward, N., (2016). Brexit: potential impact on the UKs banking industry [online] Available at: https://www.ashurst.com/doc.aspx?id_Content=12909 [Accessed 4 Aug. 2016]. Smales, L.A., 2016. 'Brexit': A Case Study in the Relationship between Political and Financial Market Uncertainty.Available at SSRN 2805807. Thomas, D.S., 2015.Social Aspects of the Business Cycle (RLE: Business Cycles)(Vol. 7). Routledge.

Bio of Timbaland free essay sample

Timberland quickly made a name for himself in the late-ass hip-hop game as not only an inventive producer with an eccentric sense of beat construction but also as one of the most commercially proven producers. This unlikely synthesis of eccentricity and commercialism made him a hot commodity by the end of the ass as Americas top Masc. Nas, Snoop Dog, Jay-Z paid big money for an opportunity to work with him on the occasional track or two.Though his aesthetic was undoubtedly unique, It did show a bit of Southern influence, characterized by a knack for evoking a bounce feel; In addition, other trademark attributes Include a shuddering sense of rhythm and a tendency to subtly Integrate his deep voice Into the background of his songs. Overall though, Timberland was the first of a new generation of producers also Including Swiss Beat that crafted Infectious hip-hop beats without relying on samples. We will write a custom essay sample on Bio of Timbaland or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Course, Tidelands beginnings were a bit humble at first; born Tim Moslem, he royally was a part of a duo also Including the rapper Mango, with whom he later recorded Welcome to Our World (1997). Before that album hit the streets though, Timberland;s first success came via his collaborations with another rapper/songwriter, Missy Elliott. The two were critical to the astounding success of Elijahs One in a Million (1996) and Guanines Genuine. ..The Bachelor (19961 foreshadowing the similar success the duo would achieve on Elitists debut album, Sups Dupe Fly (1997). After Timberlands album with Mango and also his 1998 solo album, Times Bio, failed to storm up the charts like his production work, it became clear that Timberland worked best as a behind-the-scenes producer. By the end of the ass he was one of the priciest producers in rap a bill rappers were lined up to pay, given his proven commercial clout.

Security Manager - Working with and leading people The WritePass Journal

Security Manager - Working with and leading people Task 1: Teamwork mini project Security Manager Working with and leading people ). I demonstrated a proper knowledge of the job role as well as presented specific skills in organising important job roles and responsibilities. Moreover, I illustrated adequate communication and teamwork skills that have contributed to the successful completion of the project. I was able to work with culturally diverse individuals and lead them accordingly (Sohmen, 2013). However, I could have done better in improving my knowledge of specific aspects of security policies, rules and regulations pertaining to the job position. I could have taken my time to explore each of these aspects in detail in order to provide a better understanding of the specificity of the profession, which could have helped me focus on selecting the right candidates (Adams et al., 2012). Although I believe I have good skills in assessing people’s potential in a particular field, I need to do more research on this topic to improve my own capacity of working with and leading culturally diverse individuals (Tiffan, 2014). I could have also improved my cultural awareness considering the highly diverse workforce of the educational institution. In conclusion, this task has been completed successfully because of the focus on teamwork at all stage of the process. Task 4: Discussion of the main financial statements of a company There are three key components involved in the financial statements of a company, which are a profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. All the key components are used as a whole, to provide a clear picture of the financial position and financial results of a company (Parker, 2009). A structure designed for each of the financial statements is considered the most important element, though the influential decision depends on the requirements of the user. The key point supporting the importance of the profit and loss statement is that it is one of the most important financial statements and users like to observe the financial statements of a company, since it has the capability to help users or businesses generate profit by examining the over financial report (Buffett and Clark, 2008). In addition, the information inserted in the profit/loss statement is mostly released in the applicable currency, so it can provide a reasonable level of accuracy. Though, profit/ loss does not show the amount of assets and liabilities required by a company to generate a profit (Parker, 2009). Moreover, its financial results are not necessarily associated with the total cash flows generated by a company. The accuracy of this statement can be suspected when the  cash basic  of the accounting method is used. It is important to focus on ensuring accuracy as part of the broad purpose of accounting. Thus, the profit/loss statement, when utilised, can be fairly misleading. Balance sheet is expected to be positioned at a second place by many users, since it does not provide the financial results of business operations, and some of the information provided in it may be based on past business costs (Kalsyte and Verikas, 2013). This makes the balance sheet report less instructive or informative. However, the balance sheet is considered to have importance when compared with the profit/loss statement, since this sheet provides the amount of investment requirement to maintain the sales and profits shown on the profit/loss statement (Buffett and Clark, 2008). The third most important component of financial statement is cash flow, because it mainly focuses on recording cash inflows and outflows (Parker, 2009). This financial report provides a clearer analysis of a companys cash flows than the profit/loss statement, which can sometimes present unbiased results, particularly when accruals are authorised under the  growth basis  of accounting (Palea, 2014). It is essential to understand the concept of the  balance sheet, as it provides a company’s financial situation  at any period of time, while a  profit/loss statement  provides a company’s overall financial performance  within a set period of time. The profit/loss statement normally shows a company’s financial performance over a period, such as being released every year or after six months (Parker, 2009). On the other hand, the balance sheet gives a snap shot of the financial position accurately at the year-end or month-end.   Finance managers rely on the balance sheet statements to examine whether purchasing certain equipment on debt is the right choice for a company at that time (Palea, 2014). The balance sheet also provides the owners equity; for instance, it indicates the total value of the inventory and the number of a company’s shares identified as outstanding. The profit/loss statement is one of the most important documents because it plays a significant role in a company’s  decision making process. The profit/loss statement is an end result of the financial information that is provided in the  journals and ledgers,  and then changed  into brief, summarised, compiled  revenue and expense  structures (Bao, Li, Wu, Zhu et al., 2014). This statement shows the overall revenues and expenses of a company for a set period of time. Senior managers and shareholders can find prosperity of valuable information on the profit/loss statement including the company’s overall sales,  profits, retained earnings, net profits, and operating earnings. From this information, finance experts can determine and distinguish vital information about a company’s performance. Profit/loss statements usually give information for more than one period, for example two successive years (Buffett and Clark, 2008). It is simple to compare the financial results from one period to the next and conclude trends in earnings and expenditures. Whereas, cash flow statement is considered to be the most crucial element for any enterprise’s financial performance. It calculates the amount of capital that enters into a company and out of it over a specified time period. In this way, an enterprise is able to analyse and control how much capital it has in inflow to pay expenses and purchase assets. There is a difference existing in the structure of financial statements (profit/loss statement and balance sheet) for different types of business, such as sole trader, partnership and private/public limited company. Each company has different financial and economical positions so they use different financial statements with different structures that satisfy their financial positions (Bao et al., 2014). The financial statements gather the financial information from the sales and services provided and include the net taxable profit or loss for each month. Different types of business use different structures. For a sole proprietor, the financial statement is easy and simple because the financial report is just provided for the proprietor of the company. This means that it does not have to provide any balance sheet and profit/loss statement (Parker, 2009).   The report just needs to provide or to show profit and loss financial information, whereas a private limited and public limited c ompany, which has to organise its’ report based on accounting standards. There are two types mostly used by companies: international financial reporting standard (IFRS) and generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP). If financial statements are not structured based on standards it is complicated to evaluate and compare performance with that of other companies. For a partnership, the financial structure is focused on providing the profit/dividend and total contribution by partners in the investment capital of a company (Ronen, 2006). The objective of the financial statement is revealed in the balance sheet, profit/loss, cash flow and loss statement. When creating financial statements, the profit/loss statement would typically be structured first because the net profit or loss becomes a part of the statement in the balance sheet, or in a partners’ capital. Moreover, the end of a partner’s capital statement becomes a part of the balance sheet (Parker, 2009). The financial statement is focused on examining the total capital and profits of a company that are distributed inside its structure. For a public and private limited company, the financial statement must provide the following components: current assets, non-current assets, current liabilities, total sales, total profits, payable, dividends, and share prices (Ronen, 2006). References Adams, B. L., Cain, H. R. and Giraud, V. (2012). ‘Leadership, Motivation, and Teamwork Behaviors of Principal Investigator’s in Interdisciplinary Teams: A Synthesis of Research’. Journal of Leadership Education, vol. 11(2), pp. 176-191.Bao, C., Li, J., Wu, D., Zhu, X., Liang, C. and Liu, C. (2014). ‘Optimization of Integrated Risk in Commercial Banking Based on Financial Statements’. Procedia Computer Science, vol. 31, pp. 501-510.Buffett, M. and Clark, D. (2008). Warren Buffett and the Interpretation of Financial Statements: The Search for the Company with a Durable Competitive Advantage. New York: Scribner. Kalsyte, Z. And Verikas, A. (2013). ‘A Novel Approach to Exploring Company’s Financial Soundness: Investor’s Perspective’. Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 40(13), pp. 5085-5092. Pacios, A. R. and de la Fuente, G. (2013). ‘Teamwork and Leadership in a Virtual Learning Environment’. RUSC: Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, vol. 10(2), pp. 358-374. Palea, V. (2014). ‘Are IFRS Value-Relevant for Separate Financial Statements? Evidence from the Italian Stock Market’. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, vol. 23(1), pp. 1-17. Parker, R. H. (2009). Understanding Company Financial Statements. New York: Penguin Books. Reevy, G. M., Chamberlain, C. J. and Stein, J. (2013). ‘Identifying Collaboration, Teamwork, and Leadership Practices on Campus’. Currents in Teaching Learning, vol. 6(1), pp. 4-17. Ronen, J. (2006). ‘A Proposed Corporate Governance Reform: Financial Statements Insurance’. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, vol. 23, pp. 130-146. Sohmen, V. S. (2013). ‘Leadership and Teamwork: Two Sides of the Same Coin’. Journal of Information Technology Economic Development, vol. 4(2), pp. 1-18. Stupans, I. (2013). ‘Development of Contemporary Leadership Capacity through Teamwork in an Online Environment: A Pilot Study’. International Journal of Teaching Learning in Higher Education, vol. 25(2), pp. 262-268. Tiffan, B. (2014). ‘The Art of Team Leadership’. Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, vol. 15, pp. 799-801.

Finance coventry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance coventry - Essay Example The balance scorecard and the strategy map formulated can serve as an effective tool for the company to predict its effective future plan. This study contains suitable recommendations based on the key parameters used for the purpose of analysis which can serve as benchmark for the company to improve its financial and non-financial performances. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Vision and Strategy 4 3. Balanced Scorecard for Marks and Spencer PLC 5 3.1. Financial perspective 6 3.2. Customer perspective 6 3.3. Internal business perspective 7 3.4. Learning and innovation perspective 8 4. Strategy Map 8 5. Recommendations 9 6. Critical Discussion and Evaluation 10 Reference List 10 Appendices 12 1. Introduction Marks and Spencer (M&S) Group PLC is an international retailer headquartered in London, England, United Kingdom. It is listed as a holding company of the Marks and Spencer Group of companies. Its varied line of products includes clothing (both Men’ s wear and Women’s wear), home ware as well as food. Its clothing division alone includes 731 shops across the United Kingdom. Its presence is not only limited to the domestic circuit. The company enjoys an unprecedented level of presence around the globe having 387 stores in 43 territories across Europe, the Middle East and Asia (Reuters, 2013). This report will primarily involve the analysis of the food retail section of Marks and Spencer thereby identifying its vision and strategy. Henceforth, a balanced scorecard and a strategy map will be designed in order to align business activities of the company to its identified vision and strategy as well as to explain each parameter used for the analysis and their significance towards the company’s goals and targets. 2. Vision and Strategy Marks and Spencer’s vision is to set a benchmark on the basis of which everything else is evaluated. In order to stay true to the vision, they have laid down subsequent strategies which when followed will help the company to grow from strength to strength. Their primary aim is to become truly international, multichannel retailer whereby they can make their long range of products and services easily accessible to people all around the globe. Apart from providing quality products, they also aim to deliver exceptional value as well as high quality services to their customers. Their penchant to stay at the forefront of innovations in both general merchandising and food section is a significant factor giving them the recognition of a truly world class company. As far as Marks and Spencer’s strategies to improve its food retail section are concerned, they have been moderately successful in 2011 as well as in 2012 with their sales increasing by 4.1% in 2011 from what it was in 2010 (Marks and Spencer, 2011). This growth in sales owed to the fact that customers expected the company to come up with innovative products and this expectation in return resulted in an appreciation in the number of customers of M&S. Their strategy is to grow their food business by focusing primarily on their core strengths which are convenience, freshness and speciality. Convenience of shopping is another area that the company is currently working on for improving the way customers find and choose things in the store. This aim led them to come up with the clearer signage scheme. M&S also want their stores to be easily accessible

Globalization for the Arab Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Globalization for the Arab Countries - Essay Example Then in 1973, "King Faisal of Saudi Arabia cuts off his country's oil exports to the United States, triggering an oil crisis, long lines at the gas pumps and a recession." (Newton, p 53) Globalization is typically defined as a shift from internal local human societies (including financial, politics and religions) to linking distant communities of people and levels of industry, expanding them across regions and continents - in other words removing boundaries from the world. Globalization can reduce the deficiencies of third world countries with technological advances and with equal allocation of resources. An advantage to globalization is the lowering of trade barriers, for example, the reduction of export tariffs to the developing countries charged by industrialized nations. The lowering of the trade barriers then allow the developing countries to also move towards industrialization with the realized gains. Globalization is also said to liberalize countries with less than democratic political processes, for example, the member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Organization according to the theory of globalization One might argue that the GCC is a regional rather than a global organization, but they formed together because of globalization. They wish to base their common goal on the creed of Islam, believing they have a common destiny. However, it is notable that Yemen, Jordan, Iraq and Iran are not included in the regional organization. Saudi Arabia was the primary in setting up the Gulf Cooperation Council in 1981. Other members are Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The Gulf Cooperation Council aims to coordinate resistance to outside intervention in the Gulf. Progress towards economic integration has been slow during the 1980s economic downturn in the region. The presidency of the Gulf Cooperation Council rotates yearly among members. Council headquarters are in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Gulf Cooperation Council was initially formed in response to the out break of the Iran-Iraq war. ("Gulf Cooperation Council - GCC.") During that time and after the 1973 Oil Em bargoes it has been estimated that the population of the GCC is about 35 percent expatriates from the surrounding countries. (IOM, LAS 2004). The practice of globalization theory will lead countries to gain of knowledge even if the theory turns out wrong for them. It can also be used to rule out non-working solutions to diagnose and treat economic events. Liberalism of culture, religion, language by GCC Liberalism ('liberate') is opening up the local cultures, religions and languages (internal human societies) to compatibility with global cultures, religions and languages (distant across regions and even continents). In fact, one might say that liberalism wants to synthesize all of the local areas of

Out sourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Out sourcing - Essay Example Originally, outsourcing started as a simple way to cut down on personnel costs by the hiring of sub-contractors to do certain parts of the manufacturing process. This concept later on was expanded to other functions which a sub-contractor is better able to do and at a lower cost. Usually, the outsourced functions are those in the logistics, distribution, delivery and the other parts that usually constitute a supply chain of a large manufacturing or merchandising or any fast-moving consumer goods distribution company. The early sub-contractors were usually located just nearby, maybe in the next town or the next country. Gradually, it expanded to nearby countries (termed as near-shoring) and with the advent of better information technologies and improved means of transport, it later on still came to called as off-shoring (work sent out to faraway countries). The usual jobs outsourced are either back-office functions (accounting, auditing, finance, human resources, legal, etc.) or those with front-office responsibilities like customer service, order taking, sales, etc. The term for it now is business process outsourcing (BPO) which is construed to mean services. Discussion Benefits of Outsourcing - The original rationale or justification for sub-contracting and later on BPO was to cut down costs. When a certain function is outsourced, the usual benefit is transforming fixed costs into variable costs. This lessens the need to invest in infrastructure to increase capacity and at the same time allows the organization to respond more quickly to changes in markets in which it operates. The additional benefit is greater speed of response to sudden changes in the external environment. Perhaps a persuasive argument for outsourcing is to gain a key competitive advantage by allowing the firm to focus on its more core functions and let non-essential administrative functions be performed by an outside third-party supplier. Total global BPO industry is estimated at about $154 billion annually and is considered as a natural extension of the free-trade movement and the globalization of business and industry (Duening & Click, 2005:vii). The organizations using BPO now are more inclined towards to availing themselves of the lowest-cost provider wherever they are located on the world. Big improvements in information technology is largely responsible for a rapid growth of the BPO industry, hence it is sometimes termed as information technology-enabled services (ITES). It now includes content-rich materials such as newsletters, Power Point presentations, video and graphics animations, sales kits, teaching materials, etc. New BPO sub-sectors are knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) and legal process outsourcing (LPO) which is geared towards the production of outputs that are more knowledge intensive. The outsourced industry is growing at an estimated 10-12% compounded annual growth rate and has now expanded to jobs which normally required intensive education and ample technical training. An example is reading, analyzing and interpreting the X-ray and CT (computed tomography) scans of mostly American patients in outsourced business parks located in India, the Philippines and Russia. Outsourcing is a legitimate business strategy to enhance revenues or profits (Sople, 2009:43). As Business Strategy –

river island

river island Biography River Island was introduced by Bernard Lewis in 1948, a family business and it started out as a small shop in Londonwith the trading name of Lewis Separates. There have been many changes to the brand name such as Chelsea girl and Concept Man and not until 1989 its officially became known as RiverIsland today. Between the period of twenty years, from the 1960s to 1980s, Chelsea Girl was a well known high street store and was famous for its long haired girl logo. A group of approximately 45 students from Uxbridge and Middlesex has teamed together with the store to regain its reputation in the name of Chelsea Girl. River Island could considered to be one of the UKs biggest and most successful privately owned high street companies with over 250 stores operating all over the world and is still growing. Moreover, to ensure theirs customer a great, unique and fashionable look, unlike New Look and others high street stores which buy others brand design then altered it, River Island has their own in-house designer. River Island always focus on providing their customer the hottest look, hence, they also concentrate on providing their employees with a good working environment so that they can work efficiently and at their best. River Island stores across the country are always similar in both decoration and layout. In recent years, River Island has changed all of their stores to have a unique and similar layout. The general colour schemes are usually white walls with some emphasis of bright green to create a fresh feeling; the flooring is laid with creamy coffee coloured tiles with black paneling. Bri ght spot lights have also been used to create a posh look. In order to help the customer to feel comfortable and relaxed the stores have been designed to have an open air space which is simple but act as an effective background helping the clothes stand out and also enabling the customer to find their clothes. The layout of River Island is known to be like a walk-in boutique where you have trends that are divided into sections in the shop, which helps customers to know what theyre looking for, i.e. casual, smart or going out. Style River Island is a UKs leading high street brand, providing a big range of stylish clothes, but most importantly, their prices are affordable and the quality is great. River Island design clothes for both men and women at the age range from 16-30. With 250 stores and selling many different types of clothing like jeans, skirts, knit wear, jacket etc†¦ or even accessories such as jewelry or shoes. To â€Å"Get the most out of it† the company also provides online shopping so that it is more convenient for their customers. The design team represents the culture thats around them and thats the culture our customers understand, says Richard Bradbury, River Islands managing director. This year, the brand have reported mega profits, as mentioning this, River Island will have to thank their young team of designers, buyers and in-house stylists. The company‘s general theme for clothes line is usually smart looking, quite often the customer will see that there is a combination between smart-casual. Additional glitter, sequins, diamonds and jewels appear on all types of clothes to add a bit of bling and to meet with the young fashion trend. Moreover, these decorations also appear on purses or handbags so that they are all are matching. One of the company philosophies is focusing on finding new talent and bringing them up to contribute to the new high street trend, collection after collection is required to meet with demand of customers who searching for the new look everyday. In order to do that, every two weeks, Style Challenge is launched by one of our insiders. The themes will be different each time to make sure theres something for everyone. Youthful could consider being the inspiration for each design, but still could suit any age range as long as they are the person who is seeking a celebrity or catwalk style at a cheaper price. River Island always concentrated on the style and the quality. The company clothes are so trendy, chic, young, affordable and of a very high quality. Not only the clothes, but also the stores provide an exciting and fun environment to shop within. The average price of each garment is affordable: Ethical issue RiverIslandis committed to providing a fair deal between the company and their employees. The company has understood that to make an excellent business, it has to build strong relationship with its suppliers, consumers and employees. Corporate Social Responsibility has always been the companys strategy. Ethical Supply Chain At River Island, it works enthusiastically with its suppliers and official agencies around the world to provide a standard health and safety regulation to its employees. The company always ensures that their suppliers sign a contract which commit to World Wide Ethical standards and those who violate them will be prosecuted. To support this policy, the company have ordered the buying and technical teams to visit their factories throughout the year and actively engage in looking out for mistakes, hence, improve it. Today, River Island products are made across the world such as in the European Union, Turkey or India. Although there are many ethical and trading issues happening within fashion industry, River Island believes that through gradual changes, it will manage to solve the problem. According to source, â€Å"In June 2008 RiverIsland became a member of the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI). Established in 1998 the ETI is a trade union organization and non-governmental organisations committed to working together to identify and promote good practice in the implementation of codes of labour practice.† River Island committed to the adoption and integration of the ETI Base Code into our World Wide Ethical Policy through its supply chain. River Island believes that to be one a ETI member, the company will be able to gain more experience to tackle the related issues within the industry. Environment: Nowadays, being green is one of the main focuss of each individual company. In order to protect the environment, River Island is strictly committed to a number of main key points targeted such as : reducing problems the environment is having, this includes dropping levels of energy consumption (including the use of renewable energy sources) reducing the level of product packaging, increasing the levels of recycling and increasing the use of biodegradable materials. The retail environment of River Island is very edgy, lively and vivid. The staff are committed to provide the customer a high quality service. River Island also believes that making the customer feel happy is its first priority, as customer service is converted into sales in retail. Promotion In recent years, River Island has gained many important titles from its competitor. Top shop has been at the top for years but slowly losing its â€Å"style crown† losing its best shop on the high street title of three years to rival River Island. River Island also won in the best bags and best place to spend GBP50 categories in the Company Magazine. The winners were chosen by more than 6000 people trough the voting system on the â€Å"company.co.uk† website. River Island advertises itself in magazines for having garments, accessories or products that are copied from celebrities or the catwalk. In order to advertise and campaign, River Island has joined forces with Look in autumn 2007 the UKs first glossy high street fashion weekly magazine- to celebrate and introduce its autumn collection .The collection has been styled and photographed by the Look fashion team. More interestingly, River Islands store windows nationwide have also been specially designed by Look to make a connection between the company and the magazine to promote different aspects of the collection. Look publishing director Julie Lavington comments: We are extremely excited to be working with River Island on such a major project. The collaboration exemplifies our brand credentials, and its great that River Island are harnessing the power of Looks reputation as the authority on high street fashion. After all, were driving hundreds of thousands of women in-store every week !† .In order to expand its market sale, River Island has also launched an online marketing with NME.com (a music brand ). In addition, River Island have celebrities such as Pixie Lot and JLS to model its garments which brings fans to shop in River Island. Together with the advertising campaigns, River Island also sponsors Graduate Fashion Week which brings advertising all over the world, for designers and students who would love to start a career in the fashion industry. Fashion Weeks with new designs and colours, serve additionally to promote new concepts. These Fashion Weeks not only display an array of new products, but also serve to communicate with the audience visually. Dresses and accessories worn by models doing catwalks, are more lively and enthralling than the mere display on mannequins. Normally with a range of Fall, Spring, Summer and Winter collection, Fashion Weeks boost market demand and promote its associated businesses as well. In addition, presence in graduate fashion week is the opportunity for their company to have a review from other people who have visited the show. It gives peopl e an idea to what River Island has to offer as a fashion retail store and how they are incorporating designs from students into their clothing range. River Island was one of the retailers which has joined in High street fashion week to show its line up. The event was taking place on Londons Oxford Street from September 7 to September 11. This is a great opportunity to promote the company image. River Island satisfies its customers with trend, quality, design and durability. That is one reason that River Island is, day by day, getting support and demands by its customers. It provides a range of comfortable draper footwear to soothe aching feet of all day long. River Island won the Draper Footwear Award in 2008 while another proof of its excellence emerged when this brand bagged ‘LK Today Fashion High Street Fashion Award for Best Denim. Fashion is not only a phenomenon for luxurious life, but this concept deals with humanity as well. That is why, modern fashion companies are aware for the fact of supporting special people of society with special needs. River Island is responsive towards special people and that is why it supports BDF (Birth Defect Foundation), now known as New Life Foundation Other than the BDF, River Island also helps Heart and Design; an association that combines creativity of fashion communities with heart and lungs treatment. Fashion is not only for healthy people, but it also helps to make ailing people healthy, it supports them in fighting for health. River Island is a well know high street brand that has over 50 years experience on fashion retail, it provides a big range of stylish clothes but most importantly its price are affordable and its products are good quality. The company satisfies its customers with trend, quality, design, global, human, culture and society friendly. At one end it emphasises collective psychology and trends of a society, and at the other end, it deals with the individual needs of customer care. Healthy trends, balanced life, and busy lifestyle are, what the modern fashion companies have to consider deeply. It is no more a matter of looking good and attractive, true fashion and accessories join comfort and trend together.

Drug Abuse :: Substance Abuse Essays

Drug abuse takes a toll on society that can only be partially measured. While we are able to estimate the number of drug-related crimes that occur each year, we can never determine fully the extent to which the quality of life in America’s neighborhoods has been diminished by drug-related criminal behavior. With the exception of drug-related homicides, which have declined in recent years, drug-related crime is continuing at a strong and steady pace. Numerous Drug-Related Arrests Occur Each Year. In 1994, state and local law enforcement agencies made an estimated 1.14 million arrests for drug law violations. The largest percentage of these arrests were for drug possession (75.1 percent).45 Arrestees Frequently Test Positive for Recent Drug Use. The National Institute of Justice Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) program calculates the percentage of arrested individuals whose urine indicates drug use. In 1995, DUF data collected from male arrestees in twenty-three cities showed that the percentage testing positive for any drug ranged from 51 percent to 83 percent. Female arrestees ranged from 41 percent to 84 percent. Among males, arrestees charged with drug possession or sale were most likely to test positive for drug use. Among females, arrestees charged with prostitution, drug possession or sale were most likely to test positive for drug use. Both males and females arrested for robbery, burglary, and stealing vehicles had high positive rates.46 Drug Offenders Crowd the Nation’s Prisons and Jails. At midyear 1996, there were 93,167 inmates in federal prisons, 1,019,281 in state prisons, and 518,492 in jails.47 In 1994, 59.5 percent of federal prisoners were drug offenders48 as were 22.3 percent of the inmates in state prisons.49 The increase in drug offenders accounts for nearly three quarters of the total growth in federal prison inmates since 1980. Most drug offenders are imprisoned for possessing more drugs than possibly could be consumed by one individual distributing drugs or committing serious crimes related to drug sales. In 1995, for example, only 4,040 people were sentenced in federal courts for marijuana-related charges; 89.1 percent of those offenders were facing trafficking charges.50 Inmates in Federal and State Prisons were often under the Influence of Drugs when they Committed Offenses. A 1991 survey of federal and state prisons, found that drug offenders, burglars, and robbers in state prisons were the most likely to report being under the influence of drugs while committing crimes. Inmates in state prisons who had been convicted of homicide, assault, and public order offenses were least likely to report being under the influence of drugs.

A Biography of Indian Yellow Essay

Indian Yellow is a raw pigment which, as the name suggests, originated in India in the 17th century and was used until the early 20th century. Its source remained a mystery for many years. In 1786 the amateur painter, Roger Dewhurst recorded in letters to friends, that Indian yellow was an organic substance made from the urine of animals fed on turmeric (Myers, pg 1). Around this time, the English chemist George Field claimed it was made from camel urine. In 1839, J.F.L. Merimee, denied its association with urine in spite of its odor, citing its origin was a shrub called ‘memecylon tinctorium’ in his book ‘The Art of Painting in Oil and Fresco’, In 1886 the Journal of the Society of Arts in London began a systematic inquiry of the pigment, revealing that Indian yellow was manufactured in rural India (in particular in Monghyr, a city in Bengal) from the urine of cattle fed only on mango leaves and water (Finlay, pg 216-217). The collected urine was heated in order to precipitate the yellow matter, then strained, pressed into lumps by hand and dried, producing foul-smelling hard yellow balls of raw pigment, called ‘purree’ (Mukharji, pg 16-17). European importers would then wash and purify the balls, separating greenish and yellow phases. It is the mango not the urine that’s crucial to the color. The colorant is a magnesium salt of an organic acid released by the mango. Chemically it is magnesium euxanthate, the magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. See more: My Writing Process Essay Naturally, the cows that were exploited by this process were extremely undernourished. In part because mango leaves did not supply the cattle with sufficient nutrients along with the fact that these leaves contain the toxin urushiol, also found in poison ivy. In 1908, British law (which applied to colonized India) prohibited the production of Indian yellow, citing the torture of sacred animals. The pigment is believed to have first been used in Europe by Dutch artists in the 17th century (the Dutch having extensive trading links with India by then) and by the end of the 18th century across Europe in watercolor and oil painting. For the first years of its introduction in the European market, this pigment was simply named after its country of origin, ‘Purà ©e of India’(Finlay, pg 209-211). This was further simplified to ‘jaune indien’ (French), ‘giallo indiano’ (Italian), ‘Indischgelb’ (German) or ‘Indian Yellow’ when tr anslated into other languages (Myers, pg 1). Deep, clear and luminescent, it was favored for its great body and depth of tone. It had a peculiar characteristic in its watercolor form of fading in artificial light and in the dark but being fairly stable in direct sunlight. In its oil form, it requires one hundred percent for grinding, dries slowly, and the addition of varnish improves its drying, in fact its lightfastness is also improved when it is isolated between layers of varnish. Dutch and Flemish painters of the 17th and 18th centuries favored it for its translucent qualities often using it to represent sunlight. Beautiful as the color is, the pigment was said to be foul-smelling in its raw form. In the novel ‘Girl With the Pearl Earring’ Vermeer’s patron remarks that Vermeer used â€Å"cow piss† to paint his wife, the pigment referred to was Indian Yellow. By the early twentieth century the pigment was no longer available, although its modern substitutes are still sold under the name â€Å"Indian yellow†. Bibliography 1. Baer, N.S., â€Å"Indian Yellow† in â€Å"Artists’ Pigments, a Handbook of Their History and Characteristics†, Volume 1, R.L. Feller, Editor, Oxford University Press, New York (1986) 2. Finlay, Victoria, â€Å"Color: A NAtural History of the Palette† (2003 edition), Random House 3. Merimee, M.J.F.L., â€Å"The Art of Painting in Oil and Fresco† (2009 edition), Kessinger Publishing 4. Mukharji, T.N., â€Å"Piuri or Indian Yellow†, Journal of the Society of Arts (1883-84) 5. Myers, David, â€Å"Indian Yellow†, The Art Blog of David Myers (February 1, 2011) http://toxicgraphix.blogspot.com/2011/02/indian-yellow.html 6. â€Å"Indian Yellow†, Pigments Through the Ages, webexhibits.org http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/indianyellow.html

Disorders of the Blood

In the human body there are two important types of blood cells, these are red blood cells and the white blood cells. Red blood cells operate in effort of carrying oxygen to the lungs. White blood cells serve to defend tissues in the body that have the capability of setting up infections in the body. There are many different blood disorders that people have. Blood disorders may be the cause of serious illnesses and some deaths. Disorders may begin to affect an individual as early as in their childhood. Anemia, Sickle cell, and Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia are the disorders that I will be explaining and discussing in the below scenarios. Lily, a 4-year-old Caucasian female, has she been complaining of being tired all the time. She is pale and is a picky eater. Her mother is a single mom with a small budget to feed a large family. Lily eats only pasta, breads, and hot dogs, and she drinks only artificial fruit punch. Lily has iron deficiency anemia. Anemia is when the blood lacks the proper amount of healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells are the main transporters of oxygen to organs. Some symptoms of anemia are fatigue because organs do not get enough oxygen and this is when fatigue happens. Certain forms of anemia are hereditary and infants can be affected from time of birth. Girls who do not have the proper amount of iron in their diet may become iron deficient due to inadequate dietary iron, inadequate growth requirements, and the start of menstruation. The most common symptoms of Iron Deficiency Anemia include eating or craving ice, swelling of the tongue, and very dry lips. The mother can not afford many groceries. This is a critical part in bad eating habits. Lily’s mom should try to buy her some food and drinks that has a lot of vitamin C. Davon is a 5-year-old African American male who has just moved to Chicago, and he is visiting his new pediatrician for a kindergarten physical. His mother tells the nurse that she carries the sickle cell trait and wants Davon screened for it. Davon may have the sickle cell trait. Sickle cell is a disease that changes normal blood cells to round red blood cells. Red blood cells pass through blood vessels easily. A person that has sickle cell means that it very hard for red blood cells to pass through the blood vessels, and that is because it is in a different form. The oxygen is stopped. This can cause a lot of pain for the person. Sickle cell causes a lifelong battle against many health problems. This can cause infections and erious illnesses, even a stroke. Symptoms for someone who has Sickle cell are often painful and are caused in the event of the sickled cells getting stuck in the blood vessels. When this happens then the blood flow is prevented from carrying out the normal function. If the blood flow is blocked it causes pain in the feet, hands, back, chest, or belly. The pain may last for a few hours or even days. People who have Sickle cell usually have anemia. People that have Sickle cell anemia, have an abnormal skin color.

Essays Essays - Essay, An Essay On Criticism, Thomas Robert Malthus

Essays Essays - Essay, An Essay On Criticism, Thomas Robert Malthus Essays are generally scholarly pieces of writing giving the author's own argument, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article, a pamphlet and a short story. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g. Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism and An Essay on Man). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population are counterexamples. In some countries (e.g., the United States and Canada), essays have become a major part of formal education. Secondary students are taught structured essay formats to improve their writing skills; admission essays are often used by universities in selecting applicants, and in the humanities and social sciences essays are often used as a way of assessing the performance of students during final exams. The concept of an "essay" has been extended to other mediums beyond writing. A film essay is a movie which often incorporates documentary film making styles and which focuses more on the evolution of a theme or an idea. A photographic essay is an attempt to cover a topic with a linked series of photographs; it may or may not have an accompanying text or captions.

Case Study 2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Study 2 - Research Paper Example This part of the strategy is in keeping with low cost merchandise. Costco also only purchases certain sizes, colors, and fast moving inventory. This part of the design is to avoid keeping inventory that customers will not be interested in buying. In doing this inventory will always be moving out of the door and thus the company will always have a high inventory turnover. Not only is Costco specific in terms of choosing the characteristics of the products but Costco actually keeps a small amount of products on hand in order to avoid an inefficient number of products that are slow-moving or become unable to move. One part of the model that is concerning is that there is a lack of serious competitors in the membership warehouse business. I would be concerned with the possible effect of new competition and the growth of current firms like Sam's Club and BJ's Wholesale. Another concern I would have with Costco is the large holding of the land and warehouses. Certainly this could be though t of as a benefit for the company but with the recent drop in real estate prices the value of the property could fall and thus be less able to sell in the future with 150,000 sq. ft. warehouses on the land. On the other hand the land is purchased on low priced land, not necessarily in high traffic areas which would be a positive if the real estate price dropped, since it would be less likely to drop significantly. This is a a great business model because not only is the company able to sell a high amount of inventory in a short amount of time, but Costco is also able to finance inventory purchases through their vendors, thus avoiding long term debt. This allows them to pass on the discounts to the customer which in turn causes the volume and higher revenue. 2. What are the chief elements of Costco’s strategy? How good is the strategy? Volume Purchasing is one of the main elements of Costco's strategy. By purchasing in large amounts Costco is able to realize discounted prices from vendors. Not only that, due to discount pricing Costco is able to sell all of the merchandise before payment is due. By doing this Costco can realize their profit before paying for merchandise while avoiding the need for financing. The Costco vendors are actually financing the sale of the merchandise which is the advantage of this strategy. Treasure-hunt merchandising which is a Costco phenomenon where Costco purchasing agents search for deals that the Costco members would find desirable and stock the shelves with this product that will sell out quickly. The merchandise is purchased from wholesalers and retailers who are struggling and need to move old inventory. The inventory comes in deeply discounted even though the products are brand name products. By selling this deeply discounted merchandise Costco is able to lure in customers who love brand name products. Not only will customers purchase this merchandise but members will most likely be on the look out for such deals thus increasing the likelihood of a quick sale of the merchandise. Costco's business strategy also calls for less marketing through expensive channels such as television and radio. Instead Costco utilizes direct marketing which is not only less expensive but also very personal. The company opens up a store and directly calls companies, individuals and employee's in big

One of the key issues any nation faces is how to structure its trade Essay

One of the key issues any nation faces is how to structure its trade relations with other nations. A. How and why did England st - Essay Example During mercantile period, increase in exports over imports was considered the means to enhance national wealth in British colonies. Lahaye further points out that, The Navigation Act passed in 1660 limited the trade to be conducted by English ships and English seamen; and this encouraged English ships monopoly over trade within British Empire and highly limited the trade of foreign vessels within English ports. Further revisions of act improved the trade process in England. The revisions of act ensured that the trade shipped from its point of production to England or colonial port prior to its shipping to its foreign destination. At the same time, it also demanded the foreign goods set for colonies to be stopped in England prior to the distribution. This made England a well known centre for colonial trade. It encouraged the flow of goods through the country and thereby allowed the taxes to be levied. Further phases of Navigation Act grouped products as those to be shipped to ports wi thin British Empire and as those to be shipped to foreign countries. It also imposed regulations on the manufacture and trade of colonial products. British government supported products like iron, lumber, and other raw materials needed within Empire. At the same time, the colonial products that competed with products produced at home were discouraged. As a matter of fact, the mercantile system in Britain allowed for colonial monopoly over certain markets such as of tobacco and also provided the way for development of colonial shipbuilding. Free trade, as the name implies allows the free movement of goods, capital, and labor between nations. It provides specialization in manufacturing and export of products in a country overcoming all possible barriers of trade process. Free trade enables smooth conduction of trade between countries ‘without the influence or intervention of government through quotas or duties’ (Free trade explained). The scale of production depends on th e size of the market; if the market of nation is small, it may not encourage the producers to produce variety of products. Free trade combines individual markets with a larger world market proving beneficial to small sized markets. The expansion of the market size improves competition and enables the individual firms to enhance their trade. Free trade provides better economic environment for individual markets with the access to advanced technologies and better resource allocation. The feasibility of the technology helps domestic firms to connect with other individual firms abroad thereby enhancing the productivity of land and labor. This will also help industries in narrowing the range of goods and services. It ensures decrease in the costs of goods while maintaining the efficiency of utilized resources. Some of the factors that make free trade highly preferable for successful trade include the accessibility of enhanced production factors and free access to global markets. The unhi ndered access to global markets provides firms with the essential information on trends prevailing in the global market. As free trade improves competition, companies try to satisfy the customers with innovative products. Thus free trade amplifies innovative creations and improves productivity. Moreover free trade is advantageous in eliminating oligopolies and monopolies (free trade explained). However, free trade cannot be always regarded as the best policy due to

Changes in US higher education Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Changes in US higher education - Dissertation Example This essay discusses a goal of higher education that is for students to be in an environment where they can focus on their academic success. Pressure has been placed on many universities to ensure that all students complete their degree. The growing importance of degree completion has led to the increased need for leaders to ensure that the mission and goals of their institutions are aligned with students completing their education. Within universities, departments such as athletics are examining their role in providing student athletes with opportunities for full participation in the college experience. Leaders within the university are challenged to provide a student athlete with an environment where they focus on their academic success. Other challenges include ensuring institutional practices and policies are not being compromised for the sake of athletic programs and to ensure student athletes are being fully engaged through the integration within their campus academic communiti es. Some of the challenges that leaders face in higher education today are law, distance learning, response to change, gender, diversity and retention. The implementation of change in higher education can be quite costly and initiate faculty and personnel changes within the pedgological construct and dynamic of the university. This paper will address the challenges leaders face in organizing a successful preparation to these dynamics. However, prior to dealing more on this issue, the essential background of some of the problems in US higher education shall be discussed first. Background of some of the problems in US higher education In the United States, higher education is under local government control and capitalism, and a gateway to transform an individual into a middle-class (Eckel and King, 2004). In this regard, the US higher education has become a reflection of American character which primarily depicts independence, suspicion of government, ambition, inclusiveness and compe titions (Eckel and King, 2004). This makes US higher education so complex and diverse that in one way or another it is difficult to describe standard practice for all those exercised in the states. The US higher education is subdivided into three different institutions which includes four-year, two-year and less than two-year courses which can be public, private and not-for-profit, and private and for profit. Considering that the US higher education is not controlled by the federal government, each of the 50 states is therefore responsible for its local management and control on higher education. This resulted to the fact that there is a significant variation in the degree of control for higher education from state to state (Eckel and King, 2004). As a result, there is variation of policies from different states regarding the establishment and management and control of colleges and universities. These variations although would not be so much of an issue at some point, but have signi ficant impacts on the US higher education in the future. This could be explained further through the following situations. Although higher education remains to be at the third priority of the most states in the US in the budget allocation, it is also the first priority to undergo budget cut especially in bad economic times and fall of state tax revenue (Eckel and King, 2004). This is a corresponding problem in higher education for having the full potential to organize itself and achieve substantial amount of profit for its self provision. Today, colleges and universities in the US are trying to expand their revenue stream through different strategies including online education system, niche-oriented degree and non-degree academic programs, expansion of research capacities, engagement in licensing and sponsorship agreement, and obtaining auxiliary enterprises (Eckel and King, 2004). These strategies could prove as substantial evidences that the US higher education is highly commercia lized and has become intended for profit-making activity.

Miller comments Essay Example for Free

Miller comments Essay During ‘The Crucible’ the acts which unfold able some characters to empower themselves: most notably Abigail Williams, Mary Warren and even John Proctor. Some characters begin with little or no power, then abuse the situations to gain power, whereas others begin with power and lose it, sometimes justly and other times unjustly. This could be seen as a moral message for the audiences of the play, warning of power abuse which could lead to devastating consequences. In the introductory comments, Miller comments before the events begin to unfold how â€Å"†¦the children were anything but thankful for being permitted to walk straight† which shows before the witchcraft trials and accusations had begun, children were powerless under the authority of the male dominated society -children had no power to roam freely. One of the people that gained power in the play is Mary Warren, who is a servant and so is one of the lowest ranks of the Puritan society- much like the children of Salem. At first she does not have any power at all as she is taught that she has to follow orders from the Proctors, who she works for. This is seen when she â€Å"lept† with â€Å"fright† upon Proctors entrance. Yet, she manages to turn from a â€Å"mouse† to a â€Å"daughter of a prince† as she suddenly gains power from working in the court, trying possible witches. Her increasing power is also shown from her defiance of Proctor when she refuses his order of not going to â€Å"court again†, and responds that she â€Å"must† and â€Å"will be gone everyday†. It also shown through stage directions, when Mary is â€Å"terrified† of Proctor but quickly becomes â€Å"erect†, which highlights her ability to overcome her fear of Proctor because of her growing confidence and power. Mary even manages to intimidate Proctor in this part of the play. When threatened with the â€Å"whip† from Proctor, she manages to threaten him further by responding â€Å"I would have you speak civilly to me, from this out. † Mary, filled with this newly found power, is able to threaten Procter to stop beating her or she will not speak so highly of his family next time. By using the phrase â€Å"from this out† shows that Mary doesn’t usually expect that kind of treatment from the Proctor, yet now she is able to demand it because of the power gain. Again, further on in the play Mary is also able to â€Å"numb† Proctor when she overthrows his â€Å"grip† on her to tell the truth about the accusations, and instead turns on him. When pressured by Abigail and the other girls, once they start accusing Mary to save themselves, she is not able to stand her ground – which highlights her feebleness and weakness which was seen at the very start of the play. This is seen as she even admits she has â€Å"no power†. This links to her inferior position in the society and even within her social group, she is not popular, and respected. This is shown when Abigail tells Mary to â€Å"shut it† and Mercy Lewis starts â€Å"pointing† and â€Å"looking† at Mary as if she were to blame. However, the fact that Mary was able to then accuse Proctor of being â€Å"devil’s man†, who is a highly respected in the village, shows that she does have more power than she started with. But she is abusing her power, to save herself and because of her lack of power on her social circle. So, this once ‘innocent’ girl who thought they â€Å"must tell the truth† took advantage of the situation so she and her friends would not be â€Å"whipped†. Overall, Mary arguably, has the most progressive power of all the girls and possibly all of the characters in ‘The Crucible’, but that’s not to say she has the most power overall. Another character like Mary Warren who gains power throughout the play is Abigail Williams. Once shunned and scorned by the inhabitants of the village because of her â€Å"blackened name†, Abigail becomes a domineering power, and is treated like a â€Å"saint†. A mere accusation from Abigail or one of her girls is enough to convict even a well-respected inhabitant of Salem like Rebecca Nurse who does â€Å"great charities†. Even though in present day we would associate â€Å"saint† with good Samaritans, which would seem absurd to see Abigail called this in present day, she was seen in this way because in puritan society if you went against god, you went against the law. So Abigail’s act of bringing Salem’s attention to the presence of the devil, and then through the court eradicating it was seen as an act of greatness. Abigail starts off as a scared young girl which is seen through Millers stage directions, as she â€Å"quavers† when being questioned by Parris about Betty’s mysterious illness. However, soon she is able to assert her power of the girls by â€Å"smashing† Betty round the face and threatening all the girls not to tell anyone about the events of the previous night, or she will â€Å"come† to them at the â€Å"black of one terrible night†. This implies they could be her prey, and if they make a wrong move she could pounce on them, which again puts her in a domineering position. This characteristic allows her to control within the group which creates more tension because Abigail also seems to be possessive which is seen when she says â€Å"Now look you. All of you†. The repetition of â€Å"you† makes the phrase quite aggressive and short commanding sentences have a strong impact, and make Abigail seem hostile but ultimately powerful. Her empowerment is also documented as the inhabitants of Salem think the â€Å"sea parts like Israel† for Abigail, so her sins are overlooked, as people take her word to be an expression of â€Å"God’s will. † This allowed Abigail to control and manipulate even the most powerful men in Salem, which is seen when Abigail threatens that Danforth- a high court official. So, Abigail Williams, who was once powerless in general society, is a perfect example of someone who became empowered by deciding the fate of other people and, by controlling and threatening people. Although, Abigail did have a powerful status among her social group from the outset and throughout which is shown when she starts â€Å"pointing with fear† and accusing Mary of â€Å"hurting her†, and quickly all the girls chime in with her. The third character who is subtly empowered is John Proctor. Despite his prideful ways, John Proctor describes himself as a sinner. His conversation with Elizabeth in act two where he exclaims for Elizabeth to â€Å"judge him not† demonstrated his internal conflict and his own unwillingness to forgive himself for his act of lechery. There are moments when his anger and disgust towards himself burst forth, such as when he exclaims to Judge Danforth: â€Å"I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours. † So, although it is not clear from the outset that John Proctor has been empowered, he has. He is able for the first time to â€Å"see some shred of goodness† in himself- his relief from his constant guilt- when he decides to deny his confession. In conclusion, all three characters were empowered through the play, which led to the unjust killing of numerous inhabitants of Salem through the false allegations of witchcraft. So, Miller uses this to show the audience the consequence of abuse of power. Abigail is the best example because she falls from her position of high power, and resorts to boarding a â€Å"ship†, in order to escape.

Benefits of Keeping a Fish Aquarium at Home

Benefits of Keeping a Fish Aquarium at Home THE AQAURIUM THERAPY: POSITIVE EFFECTS OF FISH- KEEPING ON HEALTH AND LIFE. Omkar Pokharkar Abstract: Fish-keeping is a fantastic hobby enjoyed all over the world. It is simply amazing how one individual can sit in front of the aquarium spending hours staring and admiring colorful fishes and their habitat. It is mind boggling how people can kill time with this interesting hobby. This hobby is a boon to the people who lead a stressful life and have cardiovascular disorders/problem. By pursuing this hobby one can experience calmness and happiness effectively reducing stress levels and hence keeping the blood pressure in check. This paper points out only the outline of possible events occurring in the brain and not the detailed mechanism of action of each neurochemicals. With the help of neuroscience it is now possible to understand the correlation between the aquarium and brain neurochemicals which are secreted when an individual gazes at fishes and the dà ©cor of the aquarium. People practicing aqua-hobby are less susceptible to heart diseases, and live a longer and happy life. This concludes that by having an aquarium in the house, the illness caused by stress and other emotional trauma can be effectively tackled to some extent without any mental health medications. Keywords: fish, aquariums, health, therapy, ornamental, neurochemicals. INTRODUCTION: Humans had a long history of capturing and domesticating the animals for their benefits. Humans used animals for production of dairy products, for agricultural production, to obtain meat etc. But certain animals such as fish were also kept captive in tanks for decorational purposes. History of fish-keeping can be traced back to Sumerians around 2500 B.C. Egyptians used to worship fish and romans too used fish as both food and decoration in 1st century A.D. These evidences are based on archeological findings. Chinese during the sung dynasty kept large number of fishes such as ‘carps’ just for decorative purposes and not for consumption. People during these days were not familiar to the concept of â€Å"water change† to remove the excess ammonia caused due to fish waste in the tank and as a result the fishes used to die frequently. In 1805, Robert Warrington found out the concept of water change to keep the fish healthy for long time. First public aquaria were opene d in London at Regents Park in 1853 and took fish-keeping to a whole new level. In 1853, German Emil Robmaber wrote an essay stating that; sea can be captured in a glass, which introduced fish-keeping hobby to the public making it popular. Now in 21st century due to advancement in the field of aquarium technology it has become more convenient to master the hobby and gain health benefits from it, modern aquarium technology acts as the life support system for fishes in the tank making them thrive comfortably in captive for a long period of time. BENEFITS OF FISH-KEEPING ON HEALTH: Stabilizes Blood pressure and induce calmness: Ideal blood pressure is below 120/80, and it must remain in this range for good health. When the blood pressure stabilizes there is a drop in stress levels which is necessary for optimum health. Studies around the globe proved that gazing at a fish aquarium stabilizes the blood pressure which offers a great health benefit for an individual suffering from cardiovascular disorders. Watching the fish swimming in the aquarium with their dazzling colors can induce deep relaxation state. This is extremely therapeutic as it takes away the anxiety and clears the mind of all unnecessary thoughts. This practice of gazing the aquarium and watch beautiful ornamental fishes swim in shoals triggers neurochemicals in the brain called as ‘GABA’ which is an amino acid acting as a neurotransmitter in CNS and it acts by inhibiting or slowing the nerve transmission in the brain reducing the anxiety hence called as Anti-anxiety neurochemical. (See Figure I) and ‘Serotonin’ or 5- hydroxytryptamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter produced both in brain and gastrointestinal tract which is capable of stabilizing the mood. Serotonin maintains a balance between breathing and heart rate, it regulates the sleep cycle, regulates body temperature and pH levels in blood. (See Figure II). (smith, 2014) Figure I. Structure of a GABA molecule Chemical formula-C4H9NO2 Figure II. Structure of serotonin molecule Chemical formula-C10H12N2O Helps Alzheimer/dementia patients Alzheimer’s disease is brain disorder that gradually destroys the memory, thinking skills and ultimately destroys the ability to perform the routine tasks. Fish aquariums induce general sensory stimulation which helps individuals suffering from Alzheimer to eat better, gain weight and stay mentally active. Watching the fish swim, the attention span of patient increases and aggressive behavior reduces to a great extent. The technique that emerged from Neuro-research clinics involved restoring appropriate levels of the master neurotransmitters like serotonin and the catecholamine group such as dopamine and adrenaline. There is an opinion that watching a nicely decorated aquarium with beautiful fishes can naturally induce these neurotransmitters in the brain to some extent. Adrenaline is the neurochemical which is produced by the adrenal glands located at the top of the kidneys and is responsible for an energy surge in the body which takes away the dullness (see Figure III) and d opamine is a neurochemical which acts as a messenger that aids in the proper transmission of signals in brain and other organs. This neurotransmitter is produced in several parts of the brain such as substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. It is also released by hypothalamus (see Figure IV). (darling, 2015) Figure III. Structure of adrenaline molecule Chemical formula- C9H13NO3 (Macà ©us, 2011) Figure IV. Structure of dopamine molecule Chemical formula- C8H11NO2 Induces a sudden sense of happiness In this competitive and challenging world, there is a huge amount of stress which every individual experiences and it leads to depression or sadness. An aquarium in the house is a perfect solution to get refreshed and it gives a break from the outside world. The sadness and dullness is washed away by simply gazing and admiring the fishes that swim in the tank (see Figure V). Neurochemical such as Endocannabinoids are self-produced cannabisthat acts on the ‎Cannabinoid receptor type 1and 2 of the cannabinoid system. The word ‘Anandamide’ is derived from a Sanskrit word â€Å"Ananda† meaning Bliss or happiness (see Figure VI). It is the most well-known endocannabinoid. This neurochemical is responsible for surge in happiness. (jeffrey senske, 2015) Figure V. Red Discus fish and tetras (Cronk, 2014) Figure VI. Structure of ‘Anandamide’ molecule Chemical formula-C22H37NO2 Benefits hyperactive children Hyperactive kids sometimes can cause a lot of mess in the house; they often have very low focus span and are more notorious. Bringing an aquarium in the house can reduce their hyperactivity and will stay more focused and calm, simply because the fish swimming inside the tank distract children from their hyperactive behavior. In this case, the excess adrenalin rush in hyperactive kids is minimized by a surge in secretion of GABA which occurs due to watching fishes swim. It simply eliminates the transmissions in brain, producing calm effect. Benefits the eyes The fast pace of urbanization is putting lot of pressure on the urban infrastructure in the cities. To see a green patch in the concrete jungles has become nearly impossible. Human eyes can see up to 7 million colors out of these some are eye irritants for instance; bright yellow and some are relaxing like different shades of green. The green color is more desired by the eyes as it feels more relaxing. So an aquarium planted with variety of live plants and driftwood can help stimulate greenery in the house which would be soothing for both eyes and mind (see Figure VII). Many eye specialists have an opinion that, gazing at planted fish aquariums daily for at least 1 hour can significantly improve the vision of an individual. (huachinango, 2013) Figure VII. Blue Discus fish and tetras BENEFITS OF FISH-KEEPING ON LIFE: Education for both children and adults: When children see an aquarium filled with beautiful ornamental fishes in hotels or restaurants they get excited and at the same time start asking questions about the fish. Adults too sometimes get confused and often don’t know anything about the fish species or their natural habitat. A solution to this problem is to simply buy an aquarium and house some fishes from a wide range of habitats. And many books on fishes are available in market which describes in detail the origin of fishes for instance (see Figure VIII). Children can learn how to care for pets; they will become more responsible towards another living creature. They can witness the life cycle of a fish and appreciate biology. They may choose to become a marine biologist or aqua culturist. ( Atsushi Sakurai, 1993) Figure VIII. A Book describing 650 fish species Enhances the interior look of the house: Bringing a fish aquarium can incredibly enhance the inside look of an average house. A big aquarium with live plants, driftwoods and small tropical or other ornamental fishes placed in the right directions in such a way that the tank is visible from every corner of the room would intensify the look of that room. Many people buy aquarium just to improve the look of their living room and bed room (see Figure IX below). Flowing Water from the Filter units in the aquarium make continuous water trickling sound which is music to the ears. (Melissa, 2012) Figure IX. Bedroom with an aquarium for a peaceful sleep CONCLUSION From the points mentioned above it is clear that having an aquarium can significantly influence life and health. Aquariums can heal a stressed out body and mind making it clear of all unwanted thoughts which reduces the stress and blood pressure. Watching beautiful fishes swim in the aquarium provides a break to the viewer from all the routine work in life and cause a sense of relaxation or calmness. It helps kids to gain knowledge about variety of fishes and learn how to care for them. Hyperactive kids become quite and calm. These positive effects on health are caused due to secretion of neurochemicals influenced by gazing at colorful active fishes swimming in the tank. This paper contains a simple explanation of how neurotransmitter in brain can get influenced by this hobby. These neurochemicals include Endocannabinoids, serotonin, GABA, and adrenaline which when are deficient or secreted in low amounts can cause high stress and depression levels. So it’s safe to say that aq uariums can reduce suicidal tendencies in people by regulating these heavenly chemicals in the brain. REFERENCES: [1] smith, P. (2014). balancing brain chemistry with peter smith. Retrieved april 2015, from www.balancingbrainchemistry.co.uk: http://www.balancingbrainchemistry.co.uk/33/GABA-Deficient-Anxiety.html [2] darling, D. (2015). Encyclopedia of science. Retrieved april 2015, from The worlds of david darling: http://www.daviddarling.info/images/adrenaline.png [3] Macà ©us, J. (2011, april 1). Dark side of the bigO. Retrieved april 2015, from sexual health site: http://www.sexualhealthsite.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Dopamine.png [4] jeffrey senske. (2015). aqaurium design group. (j. s. mark senske, Producer, ADG) Retrieved april 2015, from www.aqauriumdesigngroup.com: http://www.aquariumdesigngroup.com/index.php#mi=2pt=1pi=10000s=14p=0a=0at=0 [5] Cronk, J. D. (2014, november 15). Biochemstry dictionary. Retrieved april 2015, from www.guweb2.gonzaga.edu: http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/cronk/biochem/A-index.cfm?definition=A [6] huachinango. (2013, october 10). petco. Retrieved april 2015, from www.community.petco.com: https://community.petco.com/t5/General-Discussions/Planning-a-future-aquarium/td-p/42577/page/2 [7] Atsushi Sakurai, Y. S. (1993, november 1). Aquarium Fish of the World: The Comprehensive Guide to 650 Species. Retrieved april 2015, from http://www.amazon.com: http://www.amazon.com/Aquarium-Fish-World-Comprehensive-Species/dp/0811802698 [8] Melissa. (2012). the home decoration. Retrieved april 2015, from melissasheartandhome: http://melissasheartandhome.blogspot.in/2014/05/aquarium-design.html